Forumlaw3 Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Forumlaw3 - Article Example These seriously required services vary from housekeeping and friend mind to help with individual care such as bathing, tie up, toileting, and consumption. I selected this agency because it plays a definitely immense task filling gaps in residence concern services not sheltered below expert concern. Inexperienced house care services like individual care help or additional works such as catering and cleaning help is frequently what may be required by majority for them to stay in their homes (Davis, 1975). The type of disputes presented to the body includes denial of shelter or housing, and personal care such as provision of clean drinking water and garbage collection. The administrative dispute resolution process begins with the compliant presenting a written request to the department for it to evaluate the decision. The official demand must be faxed or emailed within thirty days after the no-medical house department had completed its inquiry. It is essential that the process of appeal begins only after a complaint makes an official request to the department to evaluate its decision or choice. Further, the resolution dispute process of the agency involves the use of trial-type hearing to decide facts in disputes between parties and it also uses formal adjudication in dispute resolution. This is what many in our society consider as the only or paramount way to resolve dispute (Davis, 1975). Matters can be brought to court instead of the agency when the topic is jurisdiction and there are only two kinds of suitcases thus cases that occur under a national law. Federal region judges have issue of authority if your case is based on any federal law or an issue of mixture citizenship. The matter can be brought to the court in case the parties involved are not willing to agree on a common stand. I agree with the sentiment that the administrative dispute resolution process starts with the compliant presenting a formal request to the department for it to

The investigation in the effect of the Country of Origin towards Essay

The investigation in the effect of the Country of Origin towards Consumer perception of luxury brand product; case study of Thai consumer - Essay Example There are actually several issues involved here; the place of manufacture, the brand and the company; and it is the individual preference or an image that is the combination of one or more or all that matters in consumer perception and therefore the influence of one or all these factors is what is broadly considered as the cognitive value. The literature review will therefore cover all these aspects and a few more in order to understand the implication that is termed as the COO effect on purchase decisions. Sometimes the preference of the customer is narrower and in that sense he or she prefers goods produced within the home country for reasons of superiority or quality. In such cases it is termed as ethnocentricity and this becomes a reason for negativity towards COO. In other cases the patronage of the home country products is due to the perception that it weakens the economy and it is a show of unpatriotic behaviour to prefer goods produced elsewhere. This brings in the concept of economic nationalism. This too aids the negativity towards COO. This review will cover these features as well to understand how COO is used by both the consumer and the company and how they finally influence purchase decisions. The research objective of the paper is to resolve this issue in relation to the luxury items, more specifically to the Thai consumer’s attitude towards the Long Champ brand handbag manufactured in France and China; significantly of the three factors of 25Country of origin including Brand image, Country of Origin of Manufacture and Country of origin of Brand.  Due to globalization and liberalisation the worldwide market of all goods, including the luxury items, has crossed national boundaries and has posed various problems for companies. Consumer behaviour is the driver of demand and this literature review will undertake

Agnews General Strain Theory (GST) Summary and Analysis

Agnews General Strain Theory (GST) Summary and Analysis INTRODUCTION According to an American Psychological Association survey, 73% of Americans named money as the primary affecter of their stress levels. Stress can be influenced by a variety of factors however, whether it is accumulation of wealth, death of a friend, or perhaps loss of job. Anger and depression are often are the results of failing to achieve goals, such as a student struggling to fit in with his peers or with the loss of a positively valued stimuli such as a friend or family member. Peoples methods of coping with stress can take two general avenues, the first avenue being the use of legitimate means of achieving goals or coping with stress, such as seeking professional help, and the second being illegitimate means, for example, bullying kids at school because of frustrations of not fitting in. Are people more likely to commit crime when stressed? This question would be answered yes by Robert Agnew and can be examined using his General Strain Theory which explores the causes strain, h ow to measure strain, the relationship between strain and crime, as well as policy implications based directly off his theory. A BRIEF HISTORY OF STRAIN THEORY Emile Durkheim first popularized the term anomie, which essentially is defined normlessness, or the instability that occurs when norms and cultural values breakdown. Durkheim argued that during rapid changes that take place in society, norms will breakdown. Robert King Merton in 1938 used the idea of anomie to help develop the foundation for strain theory. Merton argues that the struggle to accumulate wealth is the chief cause of strain (Merton 1938: 670). Merton suggests that there are two important elements of social structure. The first contains cultural goals, the function of the goals, and interests (Merton 1938: 672). The second phase of the social structure defines how society is to go about achieving these goals, by placing regulations and creating laws (Merton 1938: 673). The American dream is a popular culturally defined goal, Merton argued, which through honest-dedicated work, anyone can achieve this dream of wealth. Society defines what avenues are to be considered legitimate to achieve this goal, for example, earning a college degree and earning a high paying job would be a legitimate path as defined by our society. Since wealth in American is not distributed equally Merton (1938) argued that strain often occurs for those who are undercapitalized and do not have access to these legitimate means. Merton (1938) illustrates four responses to this strain. The first, conformity, Merton suggests that people who take this path subscribe to cultural goals and go about achieving these goals by using societys institutionalized means. The second path, innovation, suggests that when a person finds that an obstacle inhibits the ability to achieve the cultural goals, the person will not use institutionalized means; rather, they will employ other means. The third path, ritualism, describes a person that will reject the culture goals of society, but use its institutions as an avenue for advancement. The fourth, is the polar opposite of the path of conformity such that a person who is retreatist will reject cultural goals and its institutionalized means, people that take this path are people who essentially are not part of society (Merton 1938: 674). Furthering Mertons ideas in 1994, Messer and Rosenfeld expanded on idea of the American Dream as an origin of criminality. Messer and Rosenfeld (1994) state that the heavy emphasis on American Dream encourages criminal impulses while creating a weak normative environment. Agnews Revision of Strain Theory Robert Agnew, who devised a revision to previous strain theories, argued that most of the previous theories accredit crime to the failure of adolescents to accomplish traditional goals defined by society through legitimate avenues (Agnew 1985). Agnew (1992) states that despite criticism from distinguished theorists such as Travis Hirschi, strain theory can be vital in the explanation of some delinquency, although to do so effectively, strain theory needs revision. Agnew cites that if in fact the previous theories were to be true, it would be expected that crime would occur when there would be there a strong desire for monetary success and a low expectation of fulfilling that desire (Agnew 1985). However, Agnew (1985), suggests that tests have proved differently. According to Agnew (2001) studies show that delinquency peaks when desires, goals, and the expectation of achieving the desires or goals are low, and delinquency is lowest when desires, goals and the expectation of accomplishing the goals are high(Agnew 2001:). This is only one example of how Agnew began his revision Agnews General Strain Theory Agnews strain theory is focused on the individual level and their immediate social environment (Agnew 1992:48). Where most other strain theories, such as Mertons, put a heavy focus on accumulation of wealth, a structural cultural goal, Agnew tends to focus on goals that cause strain other than wealth accumulation. Agnew (1992) identifies three major sources of strain, being, the prevention or blockage of achieving positively valued goals, the removal of positively valued stimuli, and the threat or presentation of negatively valued stimuli. Failure to Achieve Goals Agnew (1992:51) describes multiple types of strain that fall under the category of failing to achieve positively valued goals. They are (1) strain as the disjunction between expectations and actual achievements; not achieving these goals is likely to cause anger, dissatisfaction, and disappointment, this cause of strain connects back to previous strain theories, such as Mertons (Agnew 1992:51). (2) Strain as the disjunction between just or fair outcomes and actual outcome. This source looks beyond simply failing to achieve a goal of monetary success or doing well in school (Agnew 1992:53). An example of this source of strain would be when an outcome of a situation conflicts with what the individual believed they deserved. Lets say a sales worker who thought they deserved a promotion due to good sales performance gets demoted while someone with less credentials get promoted. This can lead to strain due to inequity, where an individual will feel that they are unequal to those of their peers and will subsequently increase the chances they engage in delinquency. The main reason for delinquency in this case is to attempt to improve their outcome, such as lying on sales and fudging the books, or affect others outcome, such as writing slanderous rumors that get someone fired (Agnew 1992:54). Removal of Stimuli Agnew describes that by removing a positively valued stimuli it has the potential to cause strain. Getting something of great value stolen from you would be an example of the removal. The desire to get the object back could lead to a person committing delinquent acts by seeking revenge for those responsible. Negative Stimuli The existence of unpleasant stimuli can lead to delinquent behavior through the following avenue: Agnew (1992) states that a person may seek an escape from the negative stimuli, by trying to dispose of the stimuli. An example of removing stimuli could be someone shooting up a school because they were bullied, thus terminating the negative stimuli. Crime In short, using the above sources of strain, it is clear that negative relationships with other have potential to cause strain in an individual and in turn result in negative emotions. Agnew (1992) argues that the key emotion associated with General Strain theory is anger. A negative affect such as anger, is likely to lead an individual to take corrective steps to quell their anger. Often times anger leads an individual to seek revenge and is also a strong motivator for action. Broidys Test Agnews Theory state that strains are shaped by various factors, including the nature, intensity, and duration of the strain, the emotions that the strain produces in the individual, the collection of coping mechanisms at an individuals disposal (Broidy 2001:10). By measuring these factors, primarily intensity and duration of strain, General Strain Theory can be empirically tested by criminologists. (Broidy 2001:10) Lisa Broidy, from the University of New Mexico, examined cross sectional data of 896 undergraduate students from seven different disciplines, who participated in self report surveys. Although Broidy (2001) suggests that the non random sample is not ideal, being neither representative of all college students nor representative to the population as a whole is useful for the purpose of this test. Broidy (2001) asserts that by testing the theory with most middle-class, white college age students, it ensures that the results of the test are not spurious. Using the survey data to test three hypothesizes, Broidy found that a failure to achieve goals that were set by an individual were less likely to result in anger where a failure to achieve goals due unfair circumstances were much more likely to cause negative emotions. This study done by Broidy appears to be consistent with general strain theory such that, anger induced from strain is likely to lead to illegitimate coping strategies. However, Broidys study yielded some results that were not consistent with General Strain Theory. For example, the finding that anger is unrelated to the likelihood of legitimate coping, is a finding that is not assumed in General Strain Theory (Broidy 2001:29), as the theory does in fact predict that negative emotions like anger would be associated with legitimate coping strategies. Also found in this study was that females were much less likely to employ illegitimate coping strategies than males, leading Broidy to suggest that future studies of general strain theory should study the effect that gender has on assumptions described in general strain theory. (Broidy 2001:) Since Agnews major revision in 1992 there has been a substantial amount of empirical tests like Broidys, which there had not been previously (Froggio 2007: 392-394). Much of the test results conducted between 1992 and 2003 confirms that correlation exists between stressful events, strain induced anger, and criminal activity. However, Froggio (2007) argues that despite evidence of correlation between delinquency and assumptions of General Strain Theory, the correlation is not clear cut in that many of the surveys conducted were limited. Moreover, Froggio (2007), argues that surveys in the future should incorporate Agnews assumptions of when crime is most likely to occur. Policy Implications After reading the literature, policy implications for General Strain Theory become obvious. Since General Strain Theory builds off the idea that blocked goals cause negative emotions such as anger, it should be emphasized that going to anger management is appropriate route to coping with stress rather than using alternative means such as beating someone up. Encouraging K-12 schools to teach children that the accumulation of wealth is not what is success necessary is could be another implication based off of this theory, by doing this it could encourage children to value family, job stability, and good health rather than simply becoming wealthy. Although difficult, equalizing the opportunity for all to become successful would prove to be effective based on the assumptions of strain theories. Equalizing opportunities could include paying females equal wages, or provide more intensive education in low income areas, as well as making it easier for those in lower socioeconomic classes to attend college. Strengths, Weaknesses, and Comments General strain theory can be easy to subscribe to due in part to its broad scope, and General Strain Theory unlike previous strain theories is able to focus on middle and lower class delinquency, rather than exclusively lower class like Merton. Some empirical evidence regarding general strain theory shows a strong correlate between negative emotions (anger) caused by strain and criminal activity. However, General Strain Theory fails to explain why some individuals who experience great amounts of strain fail to resort to illegitimate coping strategies. General Strain Theory by definition is a logically sound theory, as it is not tautological, and can clearly be falsified. General Strain theory in my opinion is parsimonious in its general explanation of why strain causes crime, but latent variables such as gender, age, race, neighborhood, and other factors make it complicated when it boils down to experimental testing. Although the theory appears to be logical and fits the criteria for being a good theory by what was learned in CRMJ 301, I have become a skeptic of the theory. In order for a person like me, who is eternally critical, to become an advocate of a theory like such, I would like to see more comprehensive studies done. If money and resources were not an issue I would suggest organizing a birth cohort study, where a team follows children from birth until they are in their 25. This would let the researchers look at various factors that cause strain firsthand, by doing interviews and surveys more frequently. Until then I beli eve that General Strain Theory is incomplete but if incorporated with other theories it can be helpful in explaining some delinquency.

General Haig a Butcher not War Hero Essay -- World War I WWI WW1 Sir D

Sir Douglas Haig was born on the 19th June 1861. The Field Marshal was very highly ranked in the duration of The Great War. Haig was a British soldier and a senior Commander of The British Expeditionary Force from the year of 1915. General Haig is notorious for commanding the Battle Of The Somme and also renowned for the third battle of Ypres and various other victories leading to The Triple Entente’s victory of WW1. After the war, Haig was made an Earl and also received gratified thanks from both Houses of Parliament. So, If General Haig was such a renowned role model and congratulated for aiding greatly to the victory of the cold war, why on earth did some people refer to him as a ‘Butcher’? During the early stages of the war, it was classed as ‘Stale Mate’ - hence the beginning of the trenches. WW1 was revolved around Static Warfare. This resulted in many deaths and injuries gaining little land each time. People believe that the countless death to lls from battles is mainly down to Sir Douglas Haig thus creating the name ’Butcher’. But what is the truth? Where the deaths just an unfortunate aspect of the war or could the high numbers have been less? Many historians and common wealth citizens believe General Haig saw the soldiers as pawns, metaphorically speaking, in his own route to personal glory. Haig allegedly had no pity for the high death count and devoted his care only in winning the war to make himself a ’hero’. This is evident in The Battle Of The Somme. The battle initially began on the 1st of July with a five day bombardment of the enemy trenches. General Haig believed it would jeopardise the Germans giving the British and French divisions an advantage when the soldiers went ‘over the top’. What Haig had not count... ... potent reason for me believing this is Haig was well aware of the merciless deaths in both the Battle of the Somme and the Battle of Neuve Chappelle which were occurring and the failing tactics yet did nothing to stop this. The General stubbornly stuck to his plan so if they won the battle, he could claim it was under his lead they were successful thus helping him on his way to his own personal Glory. General Haig also blamed Sir John French for the poor reserve and lack of ammo whereas he was in lead of the battle and should have considered these aspects before he allowed his men to fight in the battles. This emphasises the point he saw the soldiers not as men, but as pawns which held less significance than himself and his pride. I also believe the power which was given to him would of not been possible if he had a lack of useful connections to people with power.

Nightmare

â€Å"Do not forget to wash your legs before going to bed! † my mother used to tell me almost every night if I were at home. Noon might get a nightmare. † I never believed her until it happened to me. It was on a night at my hostel Sole Slash, when all of my housemates were going back home as It was a three-day weekend. Since my house was In Pang and it took about 4 hours to get there, I decided to stay here alone. Moreover, there were tons of assignments need to be done. I was preparing the slides for my book review presentation when all of sudden there was a blackout and It was totally dark.Only God knew how I felt on that particular moment. Thank God, It was only for only about 15 minutes. I continued finishing my slides then. I kept on doing my assignment without bothering to look at the clock. Finally, I feel very contented as the slides had done beautifully and creatively by me. I wanted to do other assignments but when I glanced at the clock, It was already three In the morning! I realized that I was really exhausted and my eyes needed some rest after hours staring at the laptop screen. I turned off the laptop and went straight into my darkened room without brushing teeth and washing legs.With the help of the dim light from the street lamp nearby my room, I saw a figure sleeping on my bed. As I got nearer, the figure suddenly threw away the blanket, got up and stared at me. It was an old woman with shiny gold teeth. She raised her claw-like fingers and walked towards me. I ran to the outside where there was a badminton court. My surroundings were slowly starting to melt: the trees, the hostel blocks around me, the sky and the pathway to a garage. It seemed that I was about to dissipate as well, becoming a puddle of glue-like substance left on the ground. I noticed the creepy old woman was already behind me.I wanted to run but was unable to. I tried to scream but found that I could not. In horror I struggled and struggled to get away from the frightful woman. She dragged me to a creepy room and I was tied on a bed that looked like similarly my bed. She then went outside of the room and sang, sang, sang continuously. Soon I drifted off into a troubled sleep. I kept hearing the woman's voice even in my sleep. The next moment I gave a muffled yell and found myself panting on my bed. I heard someone was singing happily and when I went to take a look, it was Sarah who was doing her assignment on my study desk.My goodness, what a horrible nightmare it was! Sarah wished me good morning and told me that I slept with the door unlocked so she went In and found that I was still sleeping. â€Å"You look so pale. Are you okay? † she asked me. For a minute or so I lay on the sofa not daring to close my eyes for fear of falling asleep again and continuing the nightmare. Then I sat up on my bed until the horrible feeling passed. From then on I never went to sleep without washing my legs. Nightmare By Sylvania almost every night if I were at home. Mimi might get a nightmare. † I never believed her until it happened to me.It was on a night at my hostel Sole Cassia, when all of my housemates were going back home as it was a three-day weekend. Since my house was in Pang and it took about 4 hours to get there, I decided to stay here and it was totally dark. Only God knew how I felt on that particular moment. Thank God, it was only for only about 15 minutes. I continued finishing my slides then. I kept other assignments but when I glanced at the clock, it was already three in the light from the street lamp nearby my room, I saw a figure sleeping on my bed. As I got slept with the door unlocked so she went in and found that I was still sleeping.

“Marrying Absurd” by Joan Didion Essay

Marrying Absurd is a writer based on marrying in Las Vegas and how easy is getting married. This write is writing by Joan Didion, he is a novelist and essayist. His purpose in this essay was to show readers that everyone can marry in Las Vegas whenever they want. A couple just should pay for the license and an ID that show that they both have the age requirement to get married. Marriage over there is a way super-fast and ship. Las Vegas, Nevada is a state that everything in the party because of the casino and the tourist visiting every year. Las Vegas has made such as the title of â€Å"What happens in Las Vegas stay in Las Vegas†. Because of this title, people are more likely to go to Las Vegas and go wild. This title is more know that people find love or a partner in crime over there, it is just a place to have some fun. Las Vegas never sleep because of the casinos, places, and the tourist that are rounding around. Didion stays that you can go to Las Vegas single, find a par tner and get married, avoiding that there is not love. Just with eighteen years old, a girl can go and marry without getting parental and the men just swear that he is twenty-one. In contrast to Florida girls with eighteen years old steel need parental sign until twenty-one. Didion specifies that they must swear, but yes they need to show an ID. Nothing more is required. All you need is want to get married, is that absurd? Didion stays what is likely and absurd is to get marry on Nevada. Didion focused on be sarcastically and show how to marriage in Las Vegas is absurd compared to the traditional way. The traditional way to get married, is known each other first, get in love on day by day basis. Then get to know the family, where they come from if it is a good family. Because it is going to be your family too. Sometimes living together before marriage could help building a good marriage in the future, or decide whether is the person you want next to you. Nowadays most couples live together before marriage and they become a successful family at the end. Then the ring ceremony, this date the groom prepare a good place and give a special ring to the future wife. Later, picking a special date to get married that for both mean something. Pick a good Dress for the girl and a men suit. This part is very important and most time for the bride. A good place for the wedding, and a delicious food. Everything must be perfect for the bride sake. The traditional way has been for years important for many people. It is special and people has memories remains forever. According to the text, marrying in Las Vegas is a way faster to get married. It is way more ship that the traditional one because the couple just pays for the license that is way more ship than a hiring a pop and get married in an expensive hotel. Getting married in Las Vegas just take one day, the traditional could take a minimum one month. In the end, it is the same marriage certificate and the same legitimate certificate, but it is still a bit different still. In Las Vegas, the couple marries without the family being there, sometimes an unknown person walks the bride, and there is unknown witness sign for the couple’s â€Å"love†. There are still people that think that a marriage certificate does not define the love that they feel for each other. These couples live for years have children, grandchildren and still does not want to get married, and yes they are the happiest one. Inside them, a piece of paper does not define anything. Other couples, all they think is getting married no matter what, and when they get married, they fail. Their relationship based on a certificate and that is not everything. And these are the couple that goes to Las Vegas and got married because all they want is a marriage certificate. Also, some women get married to an old man just to get his money. They forget that marriage is about love. Most couple that marries in Las Vegas does not love each other. Sometimes they are drunk because Las Vegas is like that, 90% of people that goes to visit Las Vegas get wild. In my belief, marrying is very important and Las Vegas is demonstrating that anyone can marry whenever they want without getting in so many details. If you have 20 boxes, you can just go with your partner and get married. They give you everything, dress, main suit, witness, everything you need. At some point that insane. Sometimes the couple just met at the casino or bar and they are drunk, they do not each other, just take the decision to get married at that time. The Court of Nevada is giving the couple that does not even know their name the opportunity to get married. What happens next, they get the divorce at the next day, because they do not know each other that much to make the thing that a married couple is supposed to do, or just live in different cities. A lot of tourists go every year, or once in all their lifetime to Las Vegas casinos and get drunk, wild, and that is awesome, but they are getting crazy about the â€Å"marring thing†. As we all know Las Vegas is the city of marriage. And yes, a lot of couple marriage there and as today they are still together, but that’s not all the cases. What about if the bride is the fifth teen and the bridegroom is sixty. It is the same they can get married in Las Vegas. Las Vegas has no law that the bride must bring the birth certificate or more than one proof to demonstrate that is eighteen years old. So, it is a big concern if the bride is fifty teen years old, looks like twenty and have a fake license ID. It can happen though and still get married to an old person or just a man that is basically 5 years more. There is no law that says to them that they cannot get married. But that is not even legal, but they can get married. There is no love between a fifty teen years old and old men of sixty. The fifty teen years old probably feel an illusion calling that love, and the old men just are his middle life crisis and want to be with a young girl. Without so much paperwork everyone no matter race, age, or religion can get married. Marring in Las Vegas is very controversial; couples can have their honeymoon at the same time. For some couples choosing Las Vegas for the day most important in their life is like a dream. A broom can give a dream ring in the middle of the casino if the girl says yes, they can marry at that exact moment. They are just following the emotions of what happened at that exact moment. They can dress like stars. These are most common on emerging adulthood stage between twenty-five and twenty-four, when both couples are in love and do not know the significance of marriage, and want to live a crazy moment like Las Vegas court propose to them. These marriage thing is engaging more young people to marry early in life, and became wife and groom when they are not prepared. On my perspective on this topic, marrying in Las Vegas is wrong. Most people that get married in Las Vegas do not love each other. If the couple loves each other, they get the time to prepare a wedding according to their money but very special to them with the family and friends, not in Las Vegas without the people that care about them. And maybe get the honeymoon on Las Vegas. Las Vegas, Nevada court is good for people that do not have any money and they want to get marriage and a marriage certificate is so important for them. And by the way, Vegas is not that ship to go, so if they go to Vegas is because they got the money to pay a flight, is better if they invest that money on a near court. The court is just a low profit for people getting crazy about Vegas and the marriage thing and getting wild and drunk. It should be a law that restricts the way of the wedding in Las Vegas. It should be more paperwork like others court to sign a yes, and start to live a married life. People sho uld marry in the traditional way, and it would stay memories last. To summarize, Didion point of view say that marrying in Las Vegas is absurd and explain the reason why and how is the marrying is done. I think the same as him, Las Vegas court of Nevada is making more people get married and are increasing the divorce papers. Wedding taking over there does not last long, it just part of the getting wild in Las Vegas. As it says â€Å"What happens in Las Vegas stays in Las Vegas†.