Corporate social responsibility Essay

In the subsequent module, Organizational culture was talked about. It is said that culture is corporate character. Culture incorporates the fundamental qualities, convictions and standards which oversee the conduct of individuals as individuals from an association. I have discovered that it so significant in an association for it impacts achievement of individuals in associations and it is likewise considered as one of the six key structure squares of fruitful associations. There are five key parts of culture and these incorporate client customer direction, representative direction, execution principles, receptiveness to change and friends standards. Culture is the social paste that helps hold an association together by giving fitting norms to what workers should state or do. In this module, Values were additionally talked about. The estimations of an association express a big motivator for it and guide everyone’s conduct when managing everything from item improvement, to one another, to clients and providers. Qualities are thoughts that control or qualify your own lead, communication with others, and association in your vocation. I discovered that Values ought to be considered as a feature of the dynamic and the item/administration plan and client care process when growing new items/administrations. They aid the advancement of the organization’s statement of purpose, vision proclamation and worth explanation. Qualities can bolster the center skills of the association, can fill in as the beginning ground for all promoting and publicizing systems and messages. Qualities required to perform work (client assistance for instance), can be searched for inside the estimations of the individuals you consider recruiting. I have likewise found out about worth framework which is a reasonable arrangement of qualities embraced and advanced by an individual, association, or society as a standard to direct its conduct in inclinations in all circumstances. Another is Personal Values which are rules that characterize you as an individual and furthermore social qualities which incorporates a person’s confidence and customs that support associations with your social roots. Corporate worth framework manage an organization’s inside direct just as its relationship with its clients and accomplices. Reasoning of the executives was likewise talked about and this an assemblage of related information that provisions a rationale for powerful deduction in looking for answers for specific sorts of business issues. These issues can be financial, social or political. The conditions in these issues are quickly changing and accordingly a manager’s thinking must be founded on essentials that don't change. Thereâ are various kinds of reasoning. These are Organizationa;, ,otivational, emergency and Customer theory. In Motivational Philosophy, I have learned various techniques for Motivation. The most effective method to acknowledge mo ral obligation and advancement of the workplace. On the otherahnd, distinguishing expected perils, arranging and reacting for those threats are the inclusion in Crisis theory. Last is the client reasoning which incorporates value-based, relationship and blended promoting.

Gender Inequalities in the Workplace Essay Example for Free

Sexual orientation Inequalities in the Workplace Essay The issue of sexual orientation imbalance has been according to people in general and been in consciousness of society for quite a long time. The issue of imbalance in work is one of the most imperative issues in todays society. So as to comprehend this circumstance one must attempt to get to the foundation of the issue and should comprehend the elements that cause the female sex to have a significantly more troublesome time in getting similar advantages, wages, and openings for work as the male sex. The general public wherein we live has been molded truly by men. A womans essential connection is to the family job; ladies are consequently less characteristically dedicated to work than men and less inclined to keep up an elevated level of particular information (Oakley, 1974, p. 28)President Clinton broadcasted April 11, 1996, as the National Pay Inequality Awareness Day. In the year 1972, the Equal Employment Opportunity Act was built up; the objective of the administration was to change and wipe out the segregation in the work environment. The significant point of these two demonstrations is to secure individual rights and advances business openings and reasonableness for everybody inside the working environment. We acknowledge that the administration knows about the imbalance among people in work spot, and they are attempting each way they can to forestall and suspend the disparity; so the inquiry is what are the reasons why ladies are as yet being dealt with unjustifiably at work?Work assumes a significant job in helping people locate their actual way of life just as helping one forms their confidence. Be that as it may, in the past ladies were not urged to maintain genuine sources of income, rather they frequently remained at home and are regularly marked as housewives. Truly ladies accomplish work, they generally have worked, yet the work that they do are regularly unpaid work. Before men expected that ladies didnt truly need to work; they didnt need the cash; and that they have various premiums. (Kimmel, 2000, p.175) So it was expected that ladies either couldnt carry out a responsibility, or, on the off chance that they might, they be able to would neither need to nor need to do it. Presently in the twenty-first century things have changed significantly, more ladies are instructed, and progressively resolved to scan for their character. With the end goal for them to do that, they regularly time look for work. Womens support in the work power has developed to such a degree, that society can not overlook anymore and see ladies as insignificant. Ladies face numerous deterrents whe n searching out employments, and much more obstructions when they are working with men. Sex segregation and sexual orientation imbalance have consistently existed in the public eye, however when does it really begin? The appropriate response is since the time the moment they were conceived. In 1995 Wall Street Journal report saw that grade school young ladies get littler remittances and are approached to accomplish a bigger number of tasks than young men. (Kimmel, 2000, p.174) When a lady grows up and enters womanhood, on the off chance that she wishes to work, she would need to confront numerous unessential tribulations. Sex segregation happens when we treat individuals inconsistent in view of individual attributes that are not identified with the activity. Segregation can be the point at which we treat individuals who are comparable in various manners, or when we treat individuals who are diverse in comparative manners. (Kimmel, 2000) We regularly segregate the individuals we meet as a result of our past encounters, from what we have realized, and through generalizing . Generalizing is the way toward passing judgment on somebody based on our view of the gathering to which the person in question has a place. (Robbins, 2003) Stereotypes exist as a result of the distinctions among people. Since it is practically unimaginable for human cerebrums to process such enormous level of contrasts rapidly, individuals improve these distinctions and make speculations without seeing doing as such. While these speculations has initially started with watched contrasts among individuals and have a sliver of truth to them, a large portion of these speculation have been so to a great extent overstated after some time that they no longer fill their unique need of depicting individuals precisely. The way that individuals make these speculations are extraordinarily subject to their capacity, foundation and culture. These qualities impact how people see their general surroundings and their desires toward others. Socialization and data over-burden additionally assume a major job in sex generalizing. People start learning generalizations as right on time as in their earliest stages. As indicated by The Reproduction Mothering hypothesis by Nancy Chodorow (1978), newborn children learn anticipated sex practices and generalizations from their moms. The young ladies stay connected to their moms to find out about genuinely closeness, while young men are compelled to isolate from their moms to be solid and autonomous. At that point from media, school, friends and religion establishment, kids slowly realized what is normal from individuals who are not the same as themselves in ethnicity and sexual orientation, for example. Theâ large measure of data promptly accessible to us today additionally increments generalizing. Since it is difficult to take in all the data, people need to adapt to data over-burden by improving what is around them. Generalizing for the most part keeps individuals from perceiving who an individual truly is. At the point when an individual accepts certain generalizations to be valid, their view of a gathering will most likely be constrained by these generalizations and are probably not going to change. These unfounded speculations can frequently defer powerful correspondences as an individual accept things about another. In the working environment, this can prompt not perceiving singular accomplishments and hostile connections between gatherings, which lessens worker resolve and profitability. It is essential to perceive generalizations in the work environment in view of the differing workforce today. Globalization and women's activist development have significantly expanded the assorted variety in the work power. Be that as it may, generalizations defer the board from perceiving the estimation of assorted variety and fortify similarity in the work environment, in this manner restricting the associations potential to develop. For example, administrations can pass up a major opportunity great potential representatives who can do great. Generalizations are additionally commotions in correspondences. (Robbins, 2003) In todays associations where interchanges are fundamental to progress, generalizations can make mistaken assumptions and destructively influence everyday activities. Along these lines, it is significant that individuals should comprehend the hurtful effect of generalizations. It is likewise critical to make reference to that despite the fact that word related sex isolation began to diminish during the 1970s and during the 1980s, it despite everything exists in todays workforce. Such separation is worked through meeting procedures and the generalizations of the underlying enrollment specialist. An enrollment specialist may accept, for instance, that an administrative position is a keeps an eye on work. The individual in question may accept that a womans nature doesn't permit her to be a decent chief since ladies are believed to need authority, administrative and specialized aptitudes. Selection representatives ought to abstain from generalizing and understand that ladies are prepared to join the work power in an occupation. (Robbins, 2003)Men andâ women contrast in their encounters with both paid and unpaid work. In contrast with men, for instance ladies do a lopsided portion of unpaid and generally less esteemed work. Separation at work frequently prompts salary hole, for doing likewise work as the men, ladies get less compensation. One reason for the imbalance wage hole is the suspicion that when a man enters a work power, he enters for good, while for a lady the supposition that will be that when she enters will inevitably invest significant energy for childbearing and parental leave. This also incredibly influences womens compensation; ladies who drop out of the work power have lower genuine wages when they return to work than they had when they left. Occupations held by generally females are viewed as insignificant and lower talented when contrasted with male employments. The other snag that ladies face in work environment is the unattainable rank and the clingy floor; these two components are obstructions keeping ladies from succeeding and raising their status at work. The discriminatory limitation is an articulation used to depict the imbalances of people inside the workforce. It appears that ladies can become utilized however then run into an undetectable boundary when they attempt to climb the stepping stool of chain of command inside the association (McGuire, 2000, p. 3). Managers should give close consideration to sexual orientation generalizing which exists inside a working environment. In the event that they abstain from doing so they may lose a chance to enlist or advance a decent representative. So as to dodge sex generalizing it would be useful to make reference to the generalizations that exist today. Some regular manly conduct include: freedom, predominance, status, rivalry and hostility. Conversely, the female practices are agreement, mediocrity, congruity, and delicacy. (Kimmel, 2000) David Geary, a brain research teacher at the University of Missouri, Columbia, presumed that such characteristics of people are commonly evident. He expresses that these cliché practices are emphatically impacted essentially. He additionally makes reference to that Over the course of development, these generalizations have come about because of systems utilized by guys and females to pull in mates. People utilize certain sexual systems so as to recreate, and they are basic to our mating designs. These sexual procedures are the reason for the male and female contrasts of today including physical properties, social behavior,â parental interests, and persuasive and enthusiastic examples. Be that as it may, as a business, understand that these are all inclusive statements, and that one individual can communicate both manly and female practices. Individuals ought not be named, yet rather they ought to be decided as people. Men accept that it is simpler to work with men and that men make a superior showing and subsequently merit more cash. Their pride and personalities disclose to them that ladies can't carry out the responsibility as well as possible. These individual convictions must b

The Concept of Jungs Collective Unconscious Explained

The Concept of Jung's Collective Unconscious Explained Phobias Print Understanding the Collective Unconscious By Lisa Fritscher Lisa Fritscher is a freelance writer and editor with a deep interest in phobias and other mental health topics. Learn about our editorial policy Lisa Fritscher Updated on December 13, 2019 More in Phobias Causes Symptoms and Diagnosis Treatment Types The collective unconscious is a concept originally defined by psychoanalyst Carl Jung and is sometimes called the objective psyche. It refers to the idea that a segment of the deepest unconscious mind is genetically inherited and is not shaped by personal experience. According to Jungs teachings, the collective unconscious is common to all human beings and is responsible for a number of deep-seated beliefs and instincts, such as spirituality, sexual behavior, and life and death instincts. Carl Jung Born in Switzerland in 1875, Carl Jung founded the school of analytical psychology. He is responsible for proposing and developing the psychological concepts of collective unconscious and archetypes, along with introverted and extroverted personality. Jung worked with Sigmund Freud, another prominent early psychologist. In his early studies, Jungs work affirmed many of Freuds ideas. As time went on, the two split in their principles of psychology. Jung contested Freuds principles of psychoanalysis. A big difference between their explanations of the unconscious is that Freud believed that the unconscious was the product of personal experiences, while Jung believed that the unconscious was the product of collective experiences inherited in the genes. The Theory Jungs theory on the collective unconscious was that it is made up of a collection of knowledge and imagery that every person is born with and is shared by all human beings due to ancestral  experience. Although individuals do not know what thoughts and images are in their collective unconscious, it is thought that in moments of crisis the psyche can tap into the collective unconscious. Instincts and Archetypes Jung believed that the collective unconscious is made up of instincts and archetypes, that manifest basic and fundamental pre-existing images, symbols or forms, which are repressed by the conscious mind. Humans may not consciously know of these archetypes, but they hold strong feelings about them. According to Jung, these mythological images or cultural symbols are not static or fixed; instead, many different archetypes may overlap or combine at any given time.   His theory was that humans are unconsciously aware of the implications of these archetypes because they are inherited. Some examples of archetypes that Jung proposed include: The  motherBirthDeathRebirthThe animaPowerThe heroThe child Jung considered the mother archetype to be the most important. He thought the archetype not only manifested in the literal form of personal mother, grandmother, stepmother, mother-in-law, or nurse but also in the figurative form of mothers, including: Mary, Mother of GodThe churchCountryThe earthThe woodsThe seaA gardenA plowed fieldA spring or a well Jung believed that the mother archetype could contain positive aspects, such as motherly love and warmth, or negative aspects such as the terrible mother or goddess of fate. Complex Beliefs Deep-seated beliefs regarding spirituality and religion are explained as partially due to the collective unconscious. Jung was convinced that the similarity and universality of world religions pointed to religion as a manifestation of the collective unconscious.   Similarly, morals, ethics, and concepts of fairness or right and wrong could be explained in the same way, with the collective unconscious as partially responsible. Phobias Genetic memory may explain specific phobias, a fear of a specific object, or of certain situations. Sometimes a phobia of snakes (ophidiophobia) manifests in children even when there is no apparent traumatic origin for their fear. For example, a study found that one-third of British children are afraid of snakes at age six, even though its rare to encounter a snake in the British Isles.?? The children had never come in contact with a snake in a traumatic situation, but snakes still generated an anxious response. Jung used his theory of the collective unconscious to explain such fears and social phobias. Fear of the dark, loud sounds, bridges, or blood may all be rooted in this collective unconscious, which is proposed as an inherited genetic trait. Dreams Dreams were thought to provide key insight into the collective unconscious. Jung believed that many symbolic objects and symbols have a universal or uniform meaning in dreams due to the archetypes represented. However, unlike his contemporary Sigmund Freud, Jung believed that dreams are highly personal, and dream interpretation requires knowing a great deal about the individual dreamer. Freud, on the other hand, often suggested that specific symbols represent specific unconscious thoughts. More than just being repressed wishes, Jung believed that dreams compensate for parts of the psyche that are underdeveloped in our waking lives. This allowed for the study of dreams as an instrument for research, diagnosis, and treatment for psychological conditions and phobias. Is It a Scientific Theory? Historically, there has been some debate around whether the collective unconscious requires a literal or symbolic interpretation. In scientific circles, a literal interpretation of the collective unconscious is thought to be a pseudoscientific theory. This is because it is difficult to scientifically prove that images of mythology and other cultural symbols are inherited and present at birth. Instead, a symbolic interpretation of the collective unconscious is thought to have some scientific grounding because of the belief that all humans share certain behavioral dispositions. New Research Into the Role of Gut Bacteria The collective unconscious is currently being examined in a different light. Psychiatric research is now looking at the role of bacteria in the collective unconscious. Genes in gut bacteria outnumber the genes in the human body, and these bacteria may produce neuroactive compounds. Its thought by some researchers that these neuroactive compounds may be part of the collective unconscious which regulates human behavior.?? If so, studies of gut microbes may be a very important part of the psychiatric research of the future. Jungs Theory of Personality and Learning Styles

The Atmosphere Of The Workplace - 1535 Words

Introduction When explaining the atmosphere of the workplace, it can be described in a variety of ways. The variety comes from the different types of leadership taken by the boss, managers, and others in authority. There are many different styles when it comes to leadership, which is based upon the personality of the one leading. The more common forms of leadership include autocratic, authoritarian, democratic, laissez-faire, and bureaucratic. The foundation of this research is to give the reader a better insight of the characteristics of democratic leadership, and why it is one of the most leadership styles utilized in the workplace. Defining a Democratic Leader A person’s style of leading is hardly equivalent to their behavior. It is known as the way in which the leader influences the followers. There are many ways to lead and every leader adopts their own style. According to the Public Policy and Administration Research (2015), different styles were needed for different situations and each leader needed to know when to exhibit a particular approach. The democratic approach can also be referred to as the participative style seeing as it encourages employees to be a part of the decision making. A manger utilizing a democratic style keeps their employees informed about everything affecting their work and shares decision-making and problem solving responsibilities. In a sense, this style requires the leader to be a coach who has the final say, but gathers information fromShow MoreRelatedBullying : Abolish Negative Workplace Atmosphere1339 Words   |  6 PagesWorkplace Bullying: Abolish Negative Workplace Atmosphere Bullies are like chameleons. What they do and say may not always be visible, but their words and actions still impact another person’s life. Bullying does not stop once you graduate; however it continues on into the workplace. 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Buying Narrative Essay Topics for Grade 9

Buying Narrative Essay Topics for Grade 9 Whatever They Told You About Narrative Essay Topics for Grade 9 Is Dead Wrong...And Here's Why In case you will need help tackling a challenging essay, our organization is open to provide essays online support for an inexpensive price. If you need an example written by means of a student check out our vast selection of absolutely free student models. Start researching, and begin writing! At times, it can be difficult to know the difference between two similar papers. When you fully grasp the needs of the paper, you'll need to conduct research. Inside my experience, descriptive essays are only difficult in regards to deciding just what things to write about. It is among the most pleasant types of writing assignments on account of the terrific involvement of your personality in the paper's body. A time once you overcame an important challenge 7. A time once you felt helpless 68. A time once you felt insecure 82. A time once you got lost 17. Every spot on the planet has a story. Describe one particular thing you're really very good at. Hope these topics can help you remember an event, a dream, an individual or a day you feel you want to write about. Because it enables them to make up everything they want. Stories about traveling have an outstanding potential. A time once you received help from a comprehensive stranger 33. On your way to school one mornin g you find a massive truck speeding down the street. My first trip to the nation. The Lost Secret of Narrative Essay Topics for Grade 9 When you've chosen a narrative subject, you're prepared to get started writing your essay! The very first time once you wrote an essay 85. Generally, an essay will want to get an introduction, the body that's main and a summary. Occasionally it can be challenging to write really intriguing and exciting essay of the fantastic quality. There are quite a lot of kinds of essays you might be assigned to finish. There's no need to discover extraordinary stories to compose a narrative essay that's interesting to read. Since you may see, there's a whole rich selection of topics for writing a narrative essay that may vary greatly. The sweetest thing that you've done for someone The collection of narrative essay topics offered here is quite diverse so that it's simple to choose the ideal one for you. Write in such a fashion, that you are going to be interested to read it. If nobody knows the way to write or read cursive handwriting, the shape of communication is going to be lost, some believe. It's personal enough, it enables you to play with words, and it's both interesting and edifying for the general public. A negative case of cowardice. Narrative Essay Topics for Grade 9 Fundamentals Explained The ideal way to attract your audience interest in your essay is to select the topic. Although you may make a typic al story sound spectacular using the correct words and the suitable technique, more than often the topic receives the credit for a valuable object of work. Therefore, unless your mentor or professor assigned you a particular subject, the decision of thinking up a good topic is your choice. It's difficult to pick just a single topic whenever there are so many you could write about. Use transition words to earn your text coherent and simple to read. The subject of the narrative essay usually indicates the writer's experience and there isn't any need to use any data from the outside sources. Glance at the topic from each of the feasible views to supply every one of the arguments and look after the majority of the needs. Needless to say, the family isn't the only alternative. The ideal way to keep your story focused is to get a strategy. There are several things worth sharing. Write a story concerning this field trip. These experiences can offer some wonderful narrative essays if you're able to tap into those emotions. In the end, a narrative isn't merely a very simple story. It is very personal, so you should underline the significance of the ongoing events for your identity. Well-written narratives figure out ways to involve the reader rather than simply retelling the events. Key Pieces of Narrative Essay Topics for Grade 9 You may even incorporate a quote by a renowned person to generate an even greater impression on your teacher. By these means, your points can be readily inculcated to your audience. Make certain you didn't miss any vital points. You're not attempting to prove something against an alternate perspective.

Poverty essay Free Essays

It has been said that â€Å"Poverty is functional to society today†, the extent to which this is true have been explore by theorists of the cultural, Marxist, and functional perspectives and can be examined SSI Eng countries of the Caribbean such as Trinidad and Tobago. To begin, in the late sass, Oscar Lewis, an American anthropologist created t he culture of poverty ideology. It is in this ideology that he states that there are t here levels in the culture of poverty . We will write a custom essay sample on Poverty essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now The first being the individual level. Here the poor feels helpless, inferior to those around him and marginal’s from society. The individual De plops a sense of acquiescence and fatalism. He goes to say that the individual desires immediate ratification even through expedient means as the are unable to delay gratifier action. Secondly, the family level. On this level, there exist consensual marriages or FRR e runs, a high rate of divorce and a significant number of matriarchal families. Lastly, the community level in which most people are fatalistic therefore leading to mini mum effectual corporation in the major institutions. There is non membership in try add unions and other homogeneous organizations. Not to mention, that little use is made of banks, hospitals, museums and other indistinguishable institutions. Lewis concluded his concept y suggesting that the culture of poverty emboldens poverty as the preceding characteristics of poverty act as vehicles to ensure the continuation of poverty If this is applied to the country of Trinidad and Tobago, it can be said that those e Of the Beta residence formerly known as ‘shanty town’ may experience pope rotor each level. Individualistically, persons of the Beta residences and surrounding areas are often marginal’s and are left to feel helpless and inferior to those belonging g to other areas in Trinidad and Tobago. Most have given up on finding a way out of poverty a ND has turn o illegal means for immediate gratification. On the family level there are ma NY common law marriages along with a high rate of divorce and separation between couple sees, therefore contributing to the existence of a notable number of matriarchal households. Also there is little participation in institutions such as schools whether as a teacher or stud antes suggested by Lewis the persons belonging to this region may never find their way out of poverty as all the aforementioned characteristics encourages poverty to be c intended . Thus, it can be said that Lewis does not believe that poverty is functional in s society. Though Lewis held great views, Critics have argued that in many countries, t poor has found ways of improving their life situation. These include, participate Ins In community groups and politics and also by maintaining strong family units. A Iso other researchers have insisted that the behavior of the poor is not culturally est. Wished but instead is due to ‘situational constraints’. For ex underemployment, unemployed meet low income and other related factors. Conflict theorists put forward the idea that poverty is a result of the state’s fail ere to allocate resources equitably. They examine poverty from different angles inch ding that of the labor market, stratification system and capitalism. They state that in the I Barbour market, there is an increasing demand for skilled workers in industrialized societies. Hose who are unemployed and underemployed are most likely unable to meet the require meets and are unable to secure high wages on the labor market,thus, remaining in poverty. A great example of this can be seen in Trinidad and Tobago where a person is now ex pecked to have at least three SEC passes in order to work as a cashier in a grocery or in KEF. Alternatively, there is a dual labor mar ket, consisting of the primary labor racket and the secondary labor market. The primary labor market is found in large e profitable companies with job security, high wages and training opportunities. While the secondary labor market is found in small companies with little job security low wages a ND few training purport nineties. Conflict theorists suggests that women and those of et hon. minorities are concentrated in the secondary labor market and take low paying jobs. T his too, can be seen in Trinidad and Tobago where the primary labor market is official go Vermont offices or non governmental organizations and the secondary labor market would be irking in hairdressing salons, hardware, groceries, in the market, CHEEP, et c. It is in most of these organizations Women and the ethnic minorities are heavily me played. In addition, Marxist theorist explores poverty from the angle of the stratification system. They indicate that this system relates poverty to class. They believe the at the ‘underclass’, namely the retired elderly, the physically disabled and single par .NET families lack prestige and wealth and that their low position is a result of their low sat tutus. They go on to say that it is because of their low wages that opportunities for better pap d jobs are limited. Equally important is the angle of capitalism. It is here that Marxist states that the existence of poverty is in favor of the owners of production, as it allows the m to maintain the capitalist system and maximize profits . It is important to realism that me embers of the working class only owns their labor which is sold at a wage and for those who SSE labor is not in demand, wages are low. Therefore competitions among workers arise which keeps the wage levels in check. The conflict theorist says that the state will act in FAA our of the ruling class and therefore, the government would do little to reduce poverty. From this it can be said that Marxist view poverty as being functional in society but to non e other than the upper class or owners of production while exploiting the working class. There are researchers who disagree with the Marxist point Of view reason bee Eng, the Marxist view has failed to clearly states what causes certain groups in society to become poor, also the perspective does not distinctly distinguish the poor from other members of the working class, and therefore fails to offer an explanation for their poverty. Not to mention that the theory does not explore the income variations existing with n the working class. Another Perspective taken on poverty is the Functionalist or conservative app roach led by Herbert . J Gangs. He argues that poverty persists because it IS beneficial to certain non poor and affluent groups in society. Functionalist theorists including Gangs argues that there are certain functions of poverty. How to cite Poverty essay, Essays

Van Gogh Starry Night Essay Example For Students

Van Gogh Starry Night Essay Vincent Van Gogh Painted named Starry Night was painted with the use of oil mediums in 1889 while he was in Saint Remy seeking treatment in a mental asylum. Although when this piece was painted it was based on his memory. This piece is a symbolic landscape full of movement, energy and light. It is CACM by 92 CM and this painting alongside Mona Lisa is used to decorate more bedrooms around the world than any other image in the history of art. It is one of those iconic images, that have become visual click ©s due to mass production and consequently deserve a closer look to rediscover their power. We will write a custom essay on Van Gogh Starry Night specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now It was based on a constellation rearrangement that Van Gogh had seen earlier on in the night sky of Provence. Starry night is perhaps one of his most famous artworks ever and is one of the most replicated artworks around the worlds. The night sky depicted by Van Gogh in this painting is full of whirling clouds, shining stars and a bright crescent moon on the far right of the painting. The elements ensure fluidity and this piece is not a happy piece nor a dark one as it has different tones throughout the whole piece. The Church and town symbolism unity as they are all together under the beautiful night sky, the dark object in the foreground represents isolation a darkness that is present and the most noticeable shining stars and moon represent hope and peace in dark times. Van Gogh has carefully placed the town in the lower center of the piece because even though it isnt the main focus of the whole artwork it is very carefully huddled around a church which connects into the sky to draw your eye from the flowing lines into the lit up town. The little huddled town creates a sense of seclusion and I would not expect this town to be full of crime or noise. Even if it was, this is not what the artist depicted. What he did depict was a town, some houses with the peace of sleep. Van Gogh lived in a little town Just on the outskirts of Saint Remy and I believe that this town swell as the cypress tree and stars all relate back to his life pre suicide. I believe that all three are connected and the town symbolizes unity and gives an impression of isolation but also how much we have devolved because in one part we have a creation of man and in the other a creation of nature. There are various interpretations of Starry Night and one is that the canvas depicts pope. It seems that van Gogh was showing that even with a dark night such as this it is still possible to see light in the windows of the houses. Furthermore, with shining stars filling the sky, there is always light to guide you. First, it comes across as a sort of castle, but then you get the impression that it is a plant of some sort that is growing toward sky. As you look closer you realize that the mysterious shape is not made of black lines, but dark green, with hints of blues and blacks in its midst. This object is said to be a cypress tree and they usually symbolism death as they are most molly found in graveyards. It is possible that Vantage intensifies himself with the looming cypress tree in the foreground. The large cypress in Starry Night is arguably the most eye catching but at the same time ambiguous thing in the painting. Mostly because of its size and the way its dark and almost sinister presence contrasts to heavily with the brightly colored stars. I relate Van Gogh with this tree as it seems that even though he was cured of his illness there was no peace, so in death he knew that he would be at piece. Van Gogh was aware that his Starry Night composition was somewhat surreal. Although the features are exaggerated, this is a scene we can all relate to, and also one that most individuals feel comfortable and at ease with. .u10201e03c5cc6831aa3dbfabe355c71a , .u10201e03c5cc6831aa3dbfabe355c71a .postImageUrl , .u10201e03c5cc6831aa3dbfabe355c71a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u10201e03c5cc6831aa3dbfabe355c71a , .u10201e03c5cc6831aa3dbfabe355c71a:hover , .u10201e03c5cc6831aa3dbfabe355c71a:visited , .u10201e03c5cc6831aa3dbfabe355c71a:active { border:0!important; } .u10201e03c5cc6831aa3dbfabe355c71a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u10201e03c5cc6831aa3dbfabe355c71a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u10201e03c5cc6831aa3dbfabe355c71a:active , .u10201e03c5cc6831aa3dbfabe355c71a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u10201e03c5cc6831aa3dbfabe355c71a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u10201e03c5cc6831aa3dbfabe355c71a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u10201e03c5cc6831aa3dbfabe355c71a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u10201e03c5cc6831aa3dbfabe355c71a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u10201e03c5cc6831aa3dbfabe355c71a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u10201e03c5cc6831aa3dbfabe355c71a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u10201e03c5cc6831aa3dbfabe355c71a .u10201e03c5cc6831aa3dbfabe355c71a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u10201e03c5cc6831aa3dbfabe355c71a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Twelfth Night Act 3 Scene 4 EssayThis sky keeps the viewers eyes moving about the painting, following the curves and creating a visual dot to dot with the stars. This movement keeps the onlooker involved in the painting while the other factors take hold. The rich colors used by Van Gogh almost makes it look as through it is smudged but if you zoom in and take a closer look they are Just different textures from thick to thin. This is basically the only light in this painting as t is surrounded by bright stars and the crescent moon. I believe it subsidizes the light that guides everybody through darkness as the cypress tree looms nearby. Also how our world is so beautiful above and sometimes we get caught up in our busy lives that to take time to appreciate a beautiful collation of stars and the sky itself is hard but right inferno of all of us. Beauty is always there among darkness but its our choice if we choose to appreciate it. It seems that van Gogh was finally being cured of his illness and had essentially found his heaven. He also knew that in death he would be at peace.

HIAM350 DiseasePaper

HIAM350 DiseasePaper HIAM350 DiseasePaper Heart Disease Cassi Holtgrave IUPUI HIA-M 350 October 28, 2014 Cardiovascular disease, also known as heart disease, refers to conditions that involve narrowed or blocked blood vessels that can lead to a heart attack, chest pain, or stroke. Other heart conditions, such as those that affect your heart's muscle, valves or rhythm, also are considered forms of heart disease (Mayo). Heart disease is the number one killer in the United States today. In 2008, over 600,000 Americans died of the disease (Healthline). Although you may think heart disease is a condition that our not so healthy lifestyle has led to, the history of this disease may surprise you. The causes of heart disease, signs, and symptoms are important to recognize because it is very treatable. However, more people than you may think are, and have been, affected by this disease. At the 2009 American Heart Association meeting in Florida, researchers presented study results showing that Egyptian mummies, some 3,500 years old, had evidence of heart disease- specifically atherosclerosis, which narrows the arteries. Pharaoh Merenptah, who died in the year 1203 BC, was plagued by atherosclerosis. Nine of 16 other mummies studied also had evidence of the disease. Researchers theorized that diet could be involved. High-status Egyptians ate a lot of fatty meats from cattle, ducks, and geese, and used a lot of salt for food preservation (Healthline). Before understanding the causes of heart disease you should understand how the heart works. The heart is muscular organ slightly situated to the left that pumps blood. Your heart is divided into right and left sides which help to protect oxygen-rich blood from mixing with oxygen-poor blood. Your heart consists of four valves. These valves keep the blood flowing the right way by opening only one way and only when they need to. The conduction system keeps your heart beating in a coordinated and normal rhythm, which keeps blood circulating (Mayo). As you can see, blood flow to and from the heart is vitally important. Therefore , when the blood vessels become blocked in any way you can see what a serious complication this can be to have reduced blood flow through your arteries to your tissues and organs. The causes of heart disease can really vary depending on the specific type of heart disease you have. Smoking, hypertension, diabetes, high cholesterol, obesity, and family history are all causes of heart disease. Some of these factors can eventually cause inflammation and irritation of the inner lining of the coronary arteries. Over time, cholesterol in the bloodstream can collect in the inflamed areas and begin to form plaque. This plaque can grow and as it does, the diameter of the artery for blood flow narrows. If the artery narrows by 40% to 50%, blood flow is compromised or decreased enough to potentially cause the symptoms of angina which is chest pains (MedicineNet). It is important to understand what signs and symptoms to look for with heart disease because there a couple different kinds each with their own set of symptoms. The cause of these symptoms can often be mistaken for other conditions. Symptoms may be different for men and women. For instance, men are more likely to have chest pain; women are more likely to have symptoms such as shortness of breath, nausea and extreme fatigue. General symptoms can include: chest pain (angina), shortness of breath, pain, numbness, weakness or coldness in your legs or arms if the blood vessels in those parts of your body are narrowed, and pain in the neck, jaw, throat, upper abdomen or back (Mayo). There are certain people that may have more of a risk of developing heart disease than others. Age plays a role in the development of this disease. The older you get, the greater risk you are. Men

Luminescence Dating in Archaeology

Luminescence Dating in Archaeology Luminescence dating (including thermoluminescence and optically stimulated luminescence) is a type of dating methodology that measures the amount of light emitted from energy stored in certain rock types and derived soils to obtain an absolute date for a specific event that occurred in the past. The method is a direct dating technique, meaning that the amount of energy emitted is a direct result of the event being measured. Better still, unlike radiocarbon dating, the effect luminescence dating measures increases with time. As a result, there is no upper date limit set by the sensitivity of the method itself, although other factors may limit the methods feasibility. How Luminescence Dating Works Two forms of luminescence dating are used by archaeologists to date events in the past: thermoluminescence (TL) or thermally stimulated luminescence (TSL), which measures energy emitted after an object has been exposed to temperatures between 400 and 500 °C; and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL), which measures energy emitted after an object has been exposed to daylight. To put it simply, certain minerals (quartz, feldspar, and calcite), store energy from the sun at a known rate. This energy is lodged in the imperfect lattices of the minerals crystals. Heating these crystals (such as when a pottery vessel is fired or when rocks are heated) empties the stored energy, after which time the mineral begins absorbing energy again. TL dating is a matter of comparing the energy stored in a crystal to what ought to be there, thereby coming up with a date-of-last-heated. In the same way, more or less, OSL (optically stimulated luminescence) dating measures the last time an object was exposed to sunlight. Luminescence dating is good for between a few hundred to (at least) several hundred thousand years, making it much more useful than carbon dating. The Meaning of Luminescence The term luminescence refers to the energy emitted as light from minerals such as quartz and feldspar after theyve been exposed to an ionizing radiation of some sort. Minerals- and, in fact, everything on our planet- are exposed to cosmic radiation: luminescence dating takes advantage of the fact that certain minerals both collect and release energy from that radiation under specific conditions. Two forms of luminescence dating are used by archaeologists to date events in the past: thermoluminescence (TL) or thermally stimulated luminescence (TSL), which measures energy emitted after an object has been exposed to temperatures between 400 and 500 °C; and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL), which measures energy emitted after an object has been exposed to daylight. Crystalline rock types and soils collect energy from the radioactive decay of cosmic uranium, thorium, and potassium-40. Electrons from these substances get trapped in the minerals crystalline structure, and continuing exposure of the rocks to these elements over time leads to predictable increases in the number of electrons caught in the matrices. But when the rock is exposed to high enough levels of heat or light, that exposure causes vibrations in the mineral lattices and the trapped electrons are freed. The exposure to radioactive elements continues, and the minerals begin again storing free electrons in their structures. If you can measure the rate of acquisition of the stored energy, you can figure out how long it has been since the exposure happened. Materials of geological origin will have absorbed considerable quantities of radiation since their formation, so any human-caused exposure to heat or light will reset the luminescence clock considerably more recently than that  since only the energy stored since the event will be recorded. Measuring Stored Energy The way you measure energy stored in an object that you expect has been exposed to heat or light in the past  is to stimulate that object again  and measure the amount of energy released. The energy released by stimulating the crystals is expressed in light (luminescence). The intensity of blue, green or infrared light that is created when an object is stimulated is proportional to the number of electrons stored in the minerals structure and, in turn, those light units are converted to dose units. The equations used by scholars to determine the date when the last exposure happened are typically: Age total luminescence/annual rate of luminescence acquisition, orAge paleodose (De)/annual dose(DT) Where De  is the laboratory beta dose that induces the same luminescence intensity in the sample emitted by the natural sample, and DT  is the annual dose rate comprised of several components of radiation that arise in the decay of natural radioactive elements. Datable Events and Objects Artifacts which can be dated using these methods include  ceramics, burned  lithics, burned bricks and soil from  hearths  (TL), and unburned stone surfaces that were exposed to light and then buried (OSL). Pottery: The most recent heating measured in pottery sherds is assumed to represent the manufacturing event; the signal arises from quartz or feldspar in the clay or other tempering additives. Although pottery vessels can be exposed to heat during cooking, cooking is never at sufficient levels to reset the luminescence clock. TL dating was used to determine the age of  Indus Valley  civilization occupations, which had proved resistant to radiocarbon dating, because of the local climate. Luminescence can also be used to determine the original firing temperature.Lithics: Raw material such as flints and cherts have been dated by TL; fire-cracked rock from hearths can also be dated by TL as long as they were fired to sufficiently high temperatures. The resetting mechanism is primarily heated  and works on the assumption that the raw stone material was heat-treated during stone tool manufacture. However, heat treatment normally involves temperatures between 300 and 400 °C, not alw ays sufficiently high enough. The best success from TL dates on chipped stone artifacts likely are from events when they were deposited into a hearth and accidentally fired. Surfaces of buildings and walls: The buried elements of standing walls of archaeological ruins have been dated using optically stimulated luminescence; the derived date provides the age of burial of the surface. In other words, the OSL date on a foundation wall of a building is the last time that foundation was exposed to light before being used as the initial layers in a building, and hence when the building was first built.Others: Some success has been found dating objects such as bone tools, bricks, mortar, mounds, and agricultural terraces. Ancient slag  left from early  metal production  have also been dated using TL, as well as absolute dating of kiln fragments or vitrified linings of furnaces and crucibles. Geologists have used OSL and TL to establish long, log chronologies of landscapes; luminescence dating is a powerful tool to help date sentiments dated to the  Quaternary  and much earlier periods. History of the Science Thermoluminescence was first clearly described in a paper presented to the Royal Society (of Britain) in 1663, by  Robert Boyle, who described the effect in a diamond which had been warmed to body temperature. The possibility of making use of TL stored in a mineral or pottery sample was first proposed by chemist  Farrington Daniels  in the 1950s. During the 1960s and 70s, the  Oxford University Research Laboratory for Archaeology and History of Art  led in the development of TL as a method of dating archaeological materials. Sources Forman SL. 1989.  Applications and limitations of thermoluminescence to date quaternary sediments.  Quaternary International  1:47-59. Forman SL, Jackson ME, McCalpin J, and Maat P. 1988.  The potential of using thermoluminescence to date buried soils developed on colluvial and fluvial sediments from Utah and Colorado, U.S.A.: Preliminary results.  Quaternary Science Reviews  7(3-4):287-293. Fraser JA, and Price DM. 2013.  A thermoluminescence (TL) analysis of ceramics from Applied Clay Science  82:24-30.cairns in Jordan: Using TL to integrate off-site features into regional chronologies.   Liritzis I, Singhvi AK, Feathers JK, Wagner GA, Kadereit A, Zacharais N, and Li S-H. 2013.  .Luminescence Dating in Archaeology, Anthropology, and Geoarchaeology: An Overview  Cham: Springer. Seeley M-A. 1975.  Thermoluminescent dating in its application to archaeology: A review.  Journal of Archaeological Science  2(1):17-43. Singhvi AK, and Mejdahl V. 1985.  Thermoluminescence dating of sediments.  Nuclear Tracks and Radiation Measurements  10(1-2):137-161. Wintle AG. 1990.  A review of current research on TL dating of loess.  Quaternary Science Reviews  9(4):385-397. Wintle AG, and Huntley DJ. 1982.  Thermoluminescence dating of sediments.  Quaternary Science Reviews  1(1):31-53.

Mechanical Behaviour of Polypropylene Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Mechanical Behaviour of Polypropylene - Essay Example These differences mean that the materials react differently with agents from the environment. Therefore, manufacturer must be in a position to appreciating these differences to avoid the production of plastic materials and products with premature failures commonly referred to as nasty and cheap. The plastic containers adopt the pseudo-elastic design methodology, which involves substitution of appropriate Poisson’s ratio and values of Modulus (that depend on temperature and appropriate time). The substitution involves using elastic standardised strain solutions, which depends on the geometry of the part and the load configuration. The method is appropriate for experimenting and investigating the design failures for polypropylene tanks. Some of the successful approach involve analysing the stress to the 4th order of the linear differentiation (Lewis and Weidmann, 1999a; Lewis and Weidmann, 1999b). The equation takes into consideration the transition between the vertical and the horizontal dimensions as well as the thickness. The manifestations of these transitions are accounted when the wall of the tank increases through radial expansion. The phenomenon can be described as stress concentration. The method involve assessing the strength parameters based on general values like stability (buckling, kinking), deformation (excessive bends), and strain or stress. Most failed tanks will fail at the welded construction at the joint level. Therefore, the best approach is to adopt a limiting stress criteria, which will aim to provide conservative alternatives to the problem (Lewis and Weidmann, 1999a; Lewis and Weidmann, 1999b). The design of the tank is very important. The hydrostatic pressure increases linearly and proportionally with the tank’s height. This means that the most appropriate strategy of resisting the pressure is by increasing the tank thickness. The same principle is applicable when constructing the walls

Literature Review Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Literature Review - Assignment Example Additionally, the human resource department of any organisation plays a critical role and function in ensuring that the output and productivity of that firm or organisation is on course. HCT as an organisation or a school also has an obligation and duty to ensure that it hires the best talent and skills in the industry to help in achieving the intended outcome. This research also looks into the issues and aspects of how best the HCT as an organisation or school could use the human resource management to continue to give excellence and service delivery not only to the students but the society as a whole. At the end, the students and the whole society of UAE would benefit by receiving the solutions that the HCT as an organisation would give. In principle, it is important and critical to note and mention that the study also aims at devising the ways and modes or approaches of developing a proper working relationship between the students, professors and the whole staff of HCT in the United Arabs Emirates (Sester, Giehl, McNerney, Kampmann, Walzl, Cuchà ­ & Meyerhans, 2010). Tentatively, it goes without saying or mentioning that the end goal and objective of HCT as an organisation would be to attract more students by producing excellence and good performance. This is to mention that continued academic achievements and excellence would be balan ced and coupled with continued growth in the student population by the students in the United Arab Emirates. From the outset, the tone and inclination of this source articulates the changing global patterns and trends by the world as a whole. This is to say that the article appreciates that the world or the global actors in the realm and aspects of business have embraced and continue to pursue new approaches in the area of human resource management. In the past, the societies pursued traditional measures where the human resource management. It also focuses mainly in the

Transmission of Wireless Message based on Embedded System

Transmission of Wireless Message based on Embedded System Transmission of Wireless Message based on Embedded System with Robotic Arm INTRODUCTION: 2.1) This career episode describes the project Transmission of Wireless Message based on Embedded System with Robotic Arm. I started off this project under the guidance of my assistant professor and with a team of two engineers including myself, during the last three months (October 2012-December 2012) of 7th semester while pursuing Bachelors of Engineering (Electronics and Communication) from Gujarat Technological University, India. The assigned duration for the project was three months and with the help of my professor, we were able to complete each task of the project on time. This project was implemented as a part of my academic curriculum Wireless Communication. For this project, I was working as an Electronic Engineer. BACKGROUND: 2.2) In this universe of learning and understanding all the things that are nearby, is controlled through machines, having the ability to compute. This specialized excellence and integration in various departments can prompt an exceptional alteration in everyones lives particularly interchanges department. Because of different alterations in innovations, numerous frameworks are made with stunning advancements. The most innovative one is the Embedded Systems. Embedded system is the advancement or further improvement of computer science framework. Its application give colossal chances to innovative utilization of PC innovation. Verging on each new framework presented in the business sector is a case of Embedded System. 2.3) The framework which we have created is a utilization of an Embedded System. At first, we began off with the manner of thinking of building up a wireless message roundabout model which could help both establishments and in addition enterprises. A further research into the framework prompted the possibility that equivalent framework can act like a concentrated framework for ambitions, for example, managing, observing plus correspondence keeping aside human intercession. 2.4) Project Objective To describe in few sentences, my projects main deliverable was to send the data from one place to another place through transmitter and receiver using RF technology. The microcontroller works as brain of the unit. Microcontroller controls the functions of the LCD, conveyor belt motors, and vertical/horizontal motor track motor in order to perform desired action/task using robotic arm (mechanical hand). 2.5) My roles and responsibilities included: Selection of electric components Simulation of Motors, LED and LCD using Proteus Programming of ATMEGA16 microcontroller using BASCOM software. Assist in constructing mechanical hand and conveyor belt Schedule weekly meetings to discuss goals and achievements Assist in maintaining documentation. 2.6) Project mechanism PERSONAL ENGINEERING ACTIVITY 2.7) Training We decided to go for training first since it really helped us to move forward without a hurdle in my work. It is required for the beginners to undergo a training session in order to acquire knowledge and develop skills at an industry level. This also helped me to understand the difference of work culture between industry and college level.ÂÂ   In the practice session under the guidance of my professor, initially we discussed the design process of the project and different components to be used on the transmitter and receiver side such as microcontroller, USB to UART convertor, encoder, and sensors. I also learnt the software Proteus and BASCOM for the simulation of motors, LED, LCD and programming the microcontroller. Furthermore, safety training sessions were also given to build mechanical hand and designing circuit in the safest way possible. Before the implementation of any task, we were given proper safety measures. 2.8) Software Before starting the hardware implementation, I decided to learn the software Proteus. Proteus is an open source software used for simulation of electric circuit and has the ability co- simulate and interact with software running in the microcontroller. I learnt this software by referring tutorial videos and simulating sample electric circuits. In this project, I used Proteus for the simulation of motors, UART, LED and LCD. Furthermore, I also used the software named BASCOM. BASCOM AVR is an intense and simple to-use compiler for the AVR arrangement of smaller scale controllers created by Atmel. It took me hardly any time to master this software since it was very easy. The system accompanies an extremely easy to use interface and an arrangement of straightforward summons, and gives more adaptability than different projects in this classification. Anyone with some fundamental learning of C or C++ can compose a fruitful system utilizing BASCOM, as the majority of its capacities and its announcement structure is like those in C. 2.9) Hardware implementation After training, I started my research to select the most appropriate components for hardware implementation refereeing and comparing datasheets of each component. Keeping in mind the guidelines of designing a circuit, on the transmitter side included computer, usb to serial converter, microcontroller, encoder and transmitting module. Whereas on the receiver side, I used receiving module, microcontroller, LCD display, IR and metal sensors. For the conveyor belt, we used two DC motors to pass an object on the belt. In this project, we also introduced a robotic arm (mechanical hand) as an application which can reduce the human efforts and controlling can be done effectively. There were some difficulties which we faced while constructing the mechanical hand i.e. we built the arm using two DC motors but while using it, we realized that it delivers low torque. Therefore, we discussed this issue with our professor and we came up the solution to build the arm using a combination of BO and DC motor. We designed this mechanical hand at very low cost which is very efficient and can be used in many production industries for packaging or assembling goods which mitigates physical labor, consumes less time and reduces risks as well.ÂÂ   The mechanical hand in this project was used to pick an object from the conveyor belt and put it to a required place as per the application. ÂÂ   Conveyor BeltRobotic Arm ÂÂ   Transmitter SectionReceiver Section 2.10) Pseudo flow of the system: Input is provided via Computer which is converted in to serial using UART. The serial data is sent to the microcontroller which is then encoded using encoder and transmitted via RF through transmitting antenna. Receiving module receives the message and passes it to the microcontroller. Microcontroller starts processing the program implemented on it. This leads the motor drive to provide high signal current to the motors which drives the conveyor belt and mechanical hand motors. If there is a metal/object detected on the receiver side of the conveyer belt using metal/IR sensor. The conveyor belt stops and the robotic arm performs its action depending upon the programming implemented on the microcontroller i.e. picks up the object and puts it at a required place as per the coding implemented in the ATMEGA16 microcontroller. SUMMARY: 2.11) This project was to give the ways for providing bigger effective mechanical hand for industrial applications. The achievement of this hand is to demonstrate that reliable grasping can be achieved with inexpensive mechanism and IR sensors. This hand can grasp variety of objects with different surface properties and sizes, having no need to rebuild a surface description of the object. Overall, the journey of the project was very productive, learnt new skills and enhanced acquired skills. We submitted our project with final documentation and a presentation with the prototype to our head of department and tutor. Although we faced many difficulties during this project but we never gave up. The toughest part was to build the mechanical hand and time constraint but working with a team made this project successful.

Microeconomics Externalities, Market Power Assignment

Introductory* Micro*economics 316-102 *Sem 1*,2010 Assignment 2: Genevieve Blanch QUESTION 1. Externalities in this situation exist where the Government, Country or Private Organisation decides to launch a new satellite causing costs and benefits to other members of society which do not impact on the G,C or PO. Such externalities include: NEGATIVE (Costs to other members of society) Hazard to the useful working satellites that surround Earth. Threat to our dependence for communications, broadcasting and surveillance. Debris from one collision causing a second, which creates still more debris and collisions. A socially optimal outcomes occurs when then the social maximal benefit equals social marginal cost meaning the surplus to society is maximized. At the same time efficient market equilibrium is needed where the private marginal benefit (PMB) equals Private marginal cost (PMC). {draw:line} {draw:line} {draw:line} SMC=PMC {draw:line} {draw:line} SMB=PMB Q* For each active satellite a certain amount of debris is released into space. Because the debris is a hazard to other working satellites it is considered a negative externality. Due to this negative externality in production, the social cost (SMC) of producing active satellites exceeds the private cost (PMC). This means the socially desirable number of active satellites, Q optimum, is smaller than the equilibrium quantity Q* (As seen below). Graph: Debris and the social optimum {draw:line} * {draw:line} * SMC {draw:line} {draw:line} * *Price of satellites. {draw:line} (Demand) PMC * {draw:line} {draw:line} * Optimum {draw:line} (Supply) PMB=SMB {draw:line} Q optimum* *Q * * *Q=No. of satellites launched We could conclude from the article that the socially optimal outcome is not being achieved due to the negative externalities. b) The article suggests as solution*s* to achieve socially optimal amou*nt of space debris* to: Create â€Å"International civil satellite-awareness system†. â€Å"Countries should comply with international guidelines to minimize the amount of debris created by launches† A moratorium on debris-creating anti-satellite tests Satellite launchers buying insurance. By agreeing to the policies the main aim would be to ‘internalize the externality’. Meaning the satellite producers taking into account the social costs and benefits of their decisions. The first policy would work by increasing the awareness of the problem of debris in space and therefore giving an incentive for producers to think twice on a moral level before producing the satellites. If this worked the PMC would decrease in quantity to meet the optimum at SMC. The second policy would work by governments implementing a tax which will equate PMC and SMC. By putting a tax on a certain amount of debris released through launches the SMC is forced to meet PMC, and has low cost to society. This tax should give producers of active satellites and the launches an economic incentive to reduce the amount of debris being released into space. Another option from the second policy would be to regulate the quantity of satellites being launched or to regulate the quantity of debris being released. This could involve the government telling the producers of satellites to reduce the quantity of satellites launches or debris being released. The third policy would work by the government placing a ban on all anti-satellite tests which are heavy releasers of debris. Banning one type of satellite would reduce the overall amount of satellites launched causing the PMC to approach the social optimum. The fourth policy would works by the insurance acting like a tax. Buying insurance acts like a tax that will increase PMC to social optimum. . c) The free rider problem: The free rider problem in the article is where the ‘orbit is open to anyone with a launch-rocket handy’, therefore some countries may improve their own well being by ‘bearing the costs of wellbeing’ while leaving other countries to pay for the debris, and causing those ‘bearing the costs’ to ‘reap the benefits’. The free rider problem comes from the fact that a public good is â€Å"non-excludable†. It’s when decision makers own well being can be improved by making others pay for the good. Satellite launches are public goods because they are neither excludable nor rivalrous in consumption. People cannot be prevented from using a satellite launcher and one persons use does not reduce another persons use of it. Solutions: Government supplies satellite launches. The government takes over as supplier of satellite launches. They must calculate the SMB and SMC deciding on an efficient quantity, keeping in mind the willingness to pay of satellite launch consumers. Then, using the Lindahl tax the government could finance provision of the satellite launchers by asking consumers with higher revenue to pay more. This means that consumers share of the Social marginal benefit is multiplied by the cost of the launcher. (SMB x Cost=Lindahl tax). The government provides increased incentive to supply clean satellite launchers by assigning property rights. Involves assigning ownership of launchers to certain suppliers who can charge other consumers for using the launchers. QUESTION 2: Relative importance of fixed costs and variable costs in the retail grocery industry? A key part of knowing how much to produce to be profitable comes from how the costs will vary with the level of production. In a large scale firm like coles and Woolworths, it is necessary to produce large quantities. The average fixed costs will decrease as the quantity produced increases. Eg. Say we are looking at labour as a fixed cost. As volume of foods produced increases, there is a diminishing marginal cost of labour as the increase in total cost that arises from extra units of food produced is gradually getting smaller. If both variable costs and average costs are kept to a minimum the total cost will be most profitable. By keeping the fixed costs down using methods of productivity improvement such as electronic self service, the Average fixed cost will be at a minimum causing the average total cost to be at a minimum therefore cost saving. Variable costs are inevitably going to rise with the increase in quantity of sales, however with the total revenue should still outweigh the total costs if the fixed costs are kept at a minimum and the sales volume kept high. {draw:line} ATC AVC AFC {draw:line} Small quantity Large quantity Why structure of costs in retail grocery industry is important for understanding the profitability of firms? For large scale companies like Coles and Woolworths to be profitable the amount of fixed costs needs to balance with the sales volume. These companies are forever trying to maximize their profits; a good strategy to do this is by focusing on cost savings rather than cutting costs. By cost saving, the retail grocers will invest to gain productivity, therefore becoming more efficient and offering the customers more. Eventually in the cycle sales growth increases therefore expanding the profitability. Investing to gain productivity will bring the fixed costs down in the long run and as a result produce a smart distribution chain. If Coles/woolworths has a high fixed cost and the sale volume is decreasing, the company’s profitability will be difficult to maintain hence a high fixed cost must have large sales volume. QUESTION 3: a) Why private schools would want to increase school fees in response to an increase in teacher *saleries*? If we assume that demand for private school remains the same but the schools costs increase we can examine what will happen to profit using MB/MC rule. draw:line} {draw:line} {draw:line} {draw:line} $ MC $ MC {draw:line} {draw:line} {draw:line} {draw:custom-shape} {draw:line} {draw:custom-shape} {draw:line} {draw:line} Price * ATC* ATC {draw:line} * * D {draw:line} ATC D MR {draw:line} {draw:line} MR q q No increase in teacher salaries Increase in teacher salaries Profit equals the Price minus average total cost X the quantity. If the teachersâ €™ salaries increase, this will cause the Average total cost(ATC) to increase causing the firms overall costs to increase. Therefore the profit being derived from the Price minus the newly high ATC multiplied by the quantity the total profit, will result in the school receiving less profit. By increasing the price of school fees, the increase in costs is equalised by the increase in price, therefore, with a higher price, the profit of the school will remain the same. â€Å"With the impact of the economic downturn tempering fee rises Here we assume the demand will change with the impact of the economic downturn however we will assume that costs remain the same. The economic downturn will cause an inward shift in the demand curve as there is a decline in demand for private school education. The Marginal revenue will shift with the demand curve as a decrease in demand also results in a decrease in marginal revenue. Therefore, this shift in demand will cause the price of Private School fees to decrease {draw:line} {draw:line} {draw:line} $ MC {draw:line} {draw:line} {draw:line} {draw:custom-shape} {draw:line} {draw:line} Price {draw:line} ATC * D1* {draw:line} ATC D2 {draw:line} MR q QUESTION 4: Main explanations for why market power of the ‘big four’ banks in Australia has* increased? *Reduction in competition. * In a more competitive situation, which we hope will occur again soon, competition between the big 4 banks, smaller banks and their customers is consistent causing the prices to be competitive and the market power at a reasonable medium level. The big 4 banks have recently been less of a threat to each other mainly due to the financial crisis taking â€Å"out the non-bank lenders for housing† which means the larger banks have more necessity. And by taking over two smaller banks, they have reduced the smaller competition. The necessity of the banks and lack of smaller bank competition means the market power for the ‘big four’ increases. *More constraint. * People are keeping with their current banks due to being â€Å"expensive and time-consuming† to shift loans and bank accounts between the ‘big four’. This financial burden holds them to their banks taking the power away from the consumers and giving the banks control over market prices. Explain how the banks greater market power allows them to ‘raise their rate of profit’. Reduction in competition means that if the banks increase their prices, such as the variable mortgage rate (0. 2 percentage points) they will not lose customers. Because of the lack in competition the banks have heightened their market power to the point where the banks can increase their prices(mark up), without impacting on their customers. Thus, the quantity demanded for banks responds little to the price deeming it relatively price inelastic. With higher prices, the Price minus the ATC will be higher therefore raising their profit. More constraint means that other firms are less price competitive because their customers will be unlikely to switch banks due to it being ‘expensive and time consuming to shift loans and bank accounts’. The constraint to banks causes the consumer demand to become very price inelastic, this is because an increase in price would not severely impact on the demand to switch to another bank because of the cost in doing so. PART 2 â€Å"Why are Melbourne University Colleges significantly more expensive than other colleges when they offer similar *services? † The on campus catered residential housing, otherwise known as ‘colleges’ prove to show some vast differences in fee pricing. When comparing ANU’s colleges to the University of Melbourne’s, Melbourne proved to have significantly higher fees. To attend a Melbourne University College as an undergraduate the prices range from $18,200 to $21,051 over the year1 which can be to a $505. 55 to $58 4. 84 weekly fee1. At an ANU college the undergraduate weekly fee is from $297. 50(Ursula Hall) to $305 (Burgmann College)2. Considering they both offer similar services, food, bedrooms, amenities, gym, library, on campus, tutorial services, social and sporting events we can look to the market forces of demand and supply, as well as elasticity for an economic explanation. DEMAND The Melbourne University colleges to many students about to begin university are considered an essential to forming strong relationships as well as giving extra support academically (especially being in a whole new academic system). They offer many services from full food and board to a gym and intercollege sporting events. College is commonly referred to as ‘the best years of your life’ and so many want to experience it. Most students come from regional areas and some from foreign countries, these students have the necessity to find accommodation in Melbourne so college responds to this need. Putting these aspects together we can understand why there in an increase in demand for a place at a Melbourne University College (see below). {draw:line} {draw:line} {draw:line} {draw:line} P S {draw:line} {draw:line} {draw:line} P*2 {draw:line} {draw:line} P* {draw:line} D1 D2 Q? Q2 Q Consequently an increase in demand for Melbourne Uni College results in an increase in price/fees and an increase in the quantity of places demanded. ANU Colleges offering the same or similar services and opportunities as Melbourne Uni also has a high demand to get into college, however they differ in the number of places available and the elasticity. BOTTLENECK Despite the heavy demand for a place at college there are a limited number of places available. With more people willing to get in than places, a bottleneck is placed on supply and increases the prices (similar to a firm with monopoly power). This can be represented like a quota, with the quota as the restriction on available accommodation. *Accommodation at Melbourne Uni* Colleges {draw:line} {draw:line} {draw:line} P {draw:line} S {draw:custom-shape} {draw:line} {draw:line} P Quota Melb Uni {draw:line} {draw:line} P*ANU {draw:custom-shape} {draw:line} D {draw:line} {draw:line} Q*ANU Q Q Quota, Melb uni. At ANU, there is a guarantee that all interstate or regional students will be given accommodation, so the restriction on accommodation doesn’t exist hence the price being lower than Melbourne Uni. Also, the price of land in Parkville, close to the city in the heart of Melbourne automatically means the price of land will be ELASTICITY The Melbourne University Colleges in some cases are filled by privileged students who come from high income families whose parents consider college a necessity, are willing to support them in college despite large fees. Other students work to be able to support themselves, both categories are relatively unaffected by the price. This means there is an inelastic demand for Melb Uni colleges. The quantity demanded of a place at Melb Uni Colleges does not respond hugely to the increase in college fees. Hence, the colleges can increase their prices and the demand will not be effected. Conversely, at ANU, despite the demand still being rather inelastic, it is more elastic than Melbourne Uni Colleges. ANU has a wider socio economic intake, spreading wider than Melb Uni from high income families to low income families so the quantity demanded in their colleges will more likely be swayed by pricing. Hence it is more important to maintain a competitive and lower price. draw:line} {draw:line} {draw:line} {draw:line} {draw:line} {draw:line} {draw:line} {draw:line} {draw:line} {draw:line} P2 P1 {draw:line} {draw:line} {draw:line} D(UM) D (ANU) {draw:custom-shape} {draw:custom-shape} Q2 Q1Q1Q2 REFERENCES: http://www. colleges. unimelb. edu. au/assets/uploads/Comparative-Costs-2010. pdf University of Melbourne, ICC (2010). _Comparative Costs. _ http://accom. anu. edu. au/UAS/2340/ver sion/1/part/4/data/ANU%20Hall%20and%20College%20Fee%20Summary%202010%20v5. pdf? branch=main&language=default Australian National University, 2010. ANU Hall and fee summary.

The Transference Across The Case Of Dora ( 1905 ) Essay

In this essay we will firstly give a brief outline of what transference is. Then we will discuss the transference across the case of Dora (1905). Kahn (1991) claims that according to Freud, when entering therapy, a patient’s view of and reaction to their therapist is influenced by two tendencies. Firstly, the patient will view this relationship in the light of their earliest relationships, and secondly that they will try and incite replays of early difficult situations. Jacobs (2010) describes this transference as the repetition by the patient of former, often child-like patterns of relating to significant people, such as parents, but now viewed in relation to the therapist. The author goes on to claim that the therapist becomes, for the patient, a transference figure with whom the patient has an opportunity to relive or to find the type of parent–child relationship he or she might have wished for, or even to some extent had. The transference is a way of seeing past relationships in the context of here-and-now. Bruce (1956) states that â€Å"transference, viewed as the transfer of affect (evoked in the past by people and events) into the here and now of the analytic setting, means that the analysand must be able to project onto the analyst a whole series of emotions felt in relation to significant figures from his or her past and present† (Bruce, 1956, P. 40). So, feelings and ideas that the patient may have about the therapist seen in the transference aspect of theirShow MoreRelatedRacism and Ethnic Discrimination44667 Words   |  179 Pagesbelief that ethnic, cultural, and biological differences should imply social and political inferiority is expressed in terms of discrimination, depriving people of their human rights—which are by definition universal, inherent, and everlasting. In the case of Indigenous Peoples and Afro-descendent groups in Nicaragua, it also results in the denial of their collective rights. Discrimination is the act through which one social group is deprived of the rights that are enjoyed by other groups.2 Ethnic

Concert - 1454 Words

G.F Handel Trio Sonata in B-flat major Op.2, No 3: (Adagio/Allegro/Grave/Allegro) This piece was written in 1722 in London and performed in Convent Garden Theatre. G.F Handel (1685-1759) was a German-British Baroque composer whose works have been continuously played to the present. He is well-known for his orchestral suites and his chamber and vocal music. His most famous work is oratorio â€Å"The Messiah† C.P.E Bach Sonata for Oboe and Basso Continuo in G minor, Wq 135: (Adagio/Allegro/Vivace) This piece was written in 1735 in Leipzig and probably first performed in Frankfurt an der Oder. C.P.E Bach (1714-1788) is the second son of J.S Bach and was born in German. C.P.E Bach is an influential composer who worked at a time of transition†¦show more content†¦He continuously shook his head like a crazy genius solving a hard math question. The violinist, oboist and bassoonist had similar gestures that we can often see from many musicians. I could feel that they honestly felt the music, moved their bodies along with it. It was almost like dancing and I think they were focusing so much and were moving subconsciously. They looked each other and were giving some kind of signs (through eyes) in order to begin the music and that is the only moment when they did eye-contact during their performances. To be honest, I tried very hard to find the audience’s reactions to the performance but there were nothing more than just applause after each performance. Most of audienc es were seniors, and they were very calm and gentle. And the place was quite a small hall so I felt that I was in an old church in a small village in 1930s. The violinist and oboist briefly interacted with audience before they started each performance. They explained little bit about the pieces and the basic information of them. They informed us which part we should focus more and some audience laughed while they were talking, so they probably have sense of humor too, but sadly I didn’t understand some of their humors. Unfortunately, I had no chance to hear the bassoonist and harpsichordist’s voice. They were kind of big and taciturn. As the program shows, this concert is all about the music of the Baroque period. The players wereShow MoreRelatedThe Concert Of The World- Concert1092 Words   |  5 PagesBooming noises, flashing lights, and being crushed by dozens of other people, an epileptic’s worst nightmare. All of these things blended together form my favorite thing in the world- concerts. One of the best concerts I have ever experienced was this summer. My sister, Natalie, and I drove to Council Bluffs to finally see our favorite bands Panic! At the Disco and Weezer live. That particular day was labelled the hottest day of the year. The heat was almost almost unbearable. 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