Laziness as Explained in the Bible Essay examples - 528 Words

People procrastinate or become lazy when they are tired or when they feel resistant to work. A lazy person lacks the self-control to do anything requiring effort. What does the Bible have to say about laziness? The Biblical term for laziness is slothfulness and Proverbs describes a lazy person as a sluggard. The Bible tells us how awful lazy people are and how laziness is sin. Laziness is one of the topics that can be found in the book of Proverbs. There are more than twenty verses about this topic. The book of Proverbs provides us with wisdom concerning laziness and motivates us to avoid laziness. To understand what the Proverbs teaches on laziness, we have to see the characteristics of laziness. According to the Proverbs 10:4; 21:25-26;†¦show more content†¦Lazy people are not going to be successful, they are going to suffer hunger and their life is going to be difficult. The book of Proverbs 21:25-26 and 23:12 states that their love of sleep and laziness will cause them death and they will get killed. Lastly, the Bible teaches us that we need to live our life as a hard worker. Everyone should know what needs to be done first. We should not put our work off until it is too late to finish it (Proverbs 20:4). God will recognize the hard workers and he will provide everything that they need. Basically, Proverbs 6:6-11 summarize the teaching on laziness. â€Å"6 Go to the ant, you sluggard; consider its ways and be wise! 7 It has no commander, no overseer or ruler, 8 yet it stores its provisions in summer and gathers its food at harvest. 9 How long will you lie there, you sluggard? When will you get up from your sleep? 10 A little sleep, a little slumber, a little folding of the hands to rest 11 and poverty will come on you like a bandit and scarcity like an armed man (New International version Proverbs 6:6-11). God wants a lazy person to learn from the ants. In these verses, ants are the wise one and teacher to a lazy person. It shows that hard worker like the ant is self-motivated to work. They are diligent and hard worker without excuses. Because they work hard, they have food, money for the future. Therefore, if we work hard we would not suffer from hunger, our lives will be easier to live and live our livesShow MoreRelatedThe Hindu Temple Of Dayton954 Words   |  4 Pagesrepresent various different aspects of one god, for example Shiva is the deity known for the cycle of life and death. Brahma is an entity believed to inhabit every portion of reality and existence throughout the entire universe. Ramesh explained to me there is a Hindu bible called a â€Å"Vedas†. The Gita is a seven hundred page book that has step by step process on how to live your life. 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But teleolog ists admit that there are objects that are non-teleological. We take advantage of the shape of mountains by skiing on them, but mountains are not the shape they are in order for us to ski on them (1). This can also be explained as ends exist in the mind which studies nature, not in nature itself (1). Teleologists must admit that there on non-teleological parts of life, otherwise their philosophy would include such ridiculous beliefs as sodium and chloride being combinedRead More Steinbecks Nonteleological Perspective Essays2954 Words   |  12 Pagescut the object. But teleologists admit that there are objects that are non-teleological. We take advantage of the shape of mountains by skiing on them, but mountains are not the shape they are in order for us to ski on them (1). This can also be explained as â€Å"ends exist in the mind which studies nature, not in nature itself† (1). 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Leisure Profile Assignment Free Essays

string(99) " run or swim by myself when I can \* Participating in a group workout class; group spin, yoga etc\." My personal philosophy towards life and leisure is founded in the belief that one should seek out those moments, events, people and attitudes that bring happiness to one’s life. I believe in spending time with the ones you love and the ones who love you in return as it is these people who help shape your reality, attitudes and life in turn. Since the truth is that no one cares if you are miserable except yourself, I make sure to surround myself with people who enrich my life; those who uplift me and help bring me higher and strive to better myself. We will write a custom essay sample on Leisure Profile Assignment or any similar topic only for you Order Now I believe it is important to take time to do activities that one loves doing. It doesn’t matter whether these activities are enjoyed alone, with friends or with family, just getting out and doing these activities is beneficial to one’s state of being. When a person takes time to do those things they love, a contentedness results and regardless of any hurt, pain, stress or struggles, they are able to enjoy themselves in that moment. I believe attitude contributes a lot to one’s state of mind and also one’s physical being. All of my life experiences, good and bad alike, have taught me a lot and have helped me grow into the person I am today. I try to remain positive no matter what situation I find myself in. A major driving force in my life is my family. I am a firm believer that one of the most important aspects in life is family. I have a two year old daughter who has changed my life in a positive way and feel truly blessed to have her in my life. Life has changed since her arrival but it her presence that gives me that extra push to stay focused on my goals and on those aspects of life that really matters to me. If you had asked me what my personal philosophy toward leisure is 3 years ago, it would have been completely different to what it is now but with all my life experiences, knowledge learned and knowledge shared I can now say that while I am a young, I wouldn’t change a thing. Definition of Leisure In our lecture notes leisure is defined as any activity or state of mind experience that is freely driven or happens spontaneously during work time, obligation time, and/or discretionary time; and is permissible by the norms of society and is culturally specific, meaning that it is derived according to the values, traditions, or more of a specific way or lifestyle of a particular cultural group(s) and Canada as a whole. (Karlis, 2004) My definition of leisure is a similar one. I believe that leisure is the freedom to do those activities you desire to do with your free time. Leisure time is the time away from work and/or work related activities. It is the time and freedom from your responsibilities, whatever they maybe, and it varies for each individual. Leisure time encompasses those activities that help in reducing and relieving stress and those activities that result in positive contribution to an individual’s health. Every individual lives a different life and lifestyle thus the way a person spends their time will be different. One individual may enjoy spending time with the important people in their life, while another may enjoy participating in activity’s that he/she enjoys partaking in alone and/or with those important people in their lives. Any activity that brings a sense of happiness or joy to an individual’s life is leisure. My Leisure Activities As I am now a mom, my leisure activities have changed since 2009, they are family orientated and child friendly activities. I do not have the freedom to do everything and anything I would like however I have adapted and made changes to my life that result in fulfillment to both myself and my daughter. I do my best to ensure that both my daughter and I enjoy ourselves in whatever activity I choose for us to partake in. I am lucky that my daughter plays well both alone as well as in those moments where she has the opportunity to play with other children. I, along with most mothers, want my daughter to be happy, however I believe that in order for her to be so, she needs a happy mom. With this in mind I try to take advantage of my alone time while she is in daycare and when she is asleep at night. In January, my daughter and I moved from Thompson, Mb. and her da (my spouse) stayed in Thompson to work. With this change in our lives our activities are usually consist of just her and I. We consider ourselves lucky when family comes to visit and take as much time to soak in these times when they do occur. My activities I enjoy with my daughter: * Visiting and playing with the extended family we do have here in Winnipeg (Cousins, both my age and her age) * Swimming for fun I try to take Mila to McDonald’s Play place once a week (while she does this I get time for myself to drink tea or catch up with a friend or family member) * We go for runs together and since she loves being outside I push her in the stroller and bundle her up nice and warm. * In the summer time we go to different parks, long walks/wagon rides to get ice cream or a slush, and/or go to the bea ch * Watch movies together and cuddle * We Skype and Facetime a lot with our close family who are located in Thompson, Mb. * When her dad is visiting, we enjoy any activity so long as we are together * Family trips and traveling Dinner with family and friends * Read books, make crafts, color, and paint My activities: * Workout at my gym, go for a run or swim by myself when I can * Participating in a group workout class; group spin, yoga etc. You read "Leisure Profile Assignment" in category "Papers" * I like to go for a tan and relax after a hard workout * Going for tea and dessert with friends * I enjoy shopping with my close friends and family * Getting dressed up and going dancing with my girlfriends * Dinner and alone time with my boyfriend when he is in town * I enjoy Facebook and social networking * Getting my hair colored monthly Catching a movie with my boyfriend or friends Activities I do most often The activity I try to do the most is to go to the gym. I aim at going 5-6 times per week for about one hour and half to two hours and after a hard workout I enjoy a relaxing tan however as I am aware this can have long term effects on my health I do this only twice a week. The activities I do the most with my daughter would be: watching movies together, reading books (especially at bedtime), and Skyping and/or Facetiming with our family in Thompson. As we miss our family, it is important to us to have regular contact with our immediate family. My Favorite Activity/Why? I am a certified personal trainer and thus my favorite activity which promotes happiness and balance in my life is my time at the gym. My aim during my workouts is to try to target every major muscle group. One of my fitness goals is to compete in a fitness competition within the next year. During my workouts I always workout with a friend, this enables me to time to work on our shared fitness goals and also provides me with social time where I can catch up with my girlfriend(s). Previously, when I resided in Thompson, my favorite activity was working out with a friend and/or my spouse. I enjoy running and swimming and I like to change up my workout routine. I have found that participating in group spin class with other people who have similar fitness goals has been both beneficial and motivational to me. Working out and staying active is therapeutic and very important to my well-being. It improves my overall self-esteem and frame of mind and I have a fun time doing it. My favorite activity to do when my spouse is here visiting us is simply going out for dinner. I enjoy being able to sit down together, the one on one time and of course a good meal. It is those times that I am most thankful and feel blessed for everything that I have. Motivation My daughter and my family are the driving forces that motivate me. The reason I moved here in January was to pursue a Kinesiology degree and I can say with honesty that it has been the hardest and most stressful thing I have done in my life. I left my comfortable lifestyle, my spouse, my family, and my friends in Thompson, Manitoba so that I could better my life and my daughter’s life. This experience has made me a stronger person and I am thankful for every opportunity I get for myself to grow as an individual. I am always writing down my goals and ambitions and I re-evaluate these every two to three months, doing this helps keep me focused and motivated on what I want for my life. My goals vary from what I want in a year’s time, five years time, and what I’ll accomplish in ten years time. I have education goals, fitness goals, and relationship goals with my spouse, and my daughter. Being a good mom is my main priority and is very important to me. My daughter deserves to be happy and I want to provide a good life for her, this is why she is the reason I stay focused, organized and goal orientated. Satisfaction I get so much pleasure from my leisure activities. When I work out, I feel happy, healthy and strong. As a mom my daughter needs me to be all those qualities that it takes to be a good mother to her. It is time I take time to myself to â€Å"not worry about being a mom† and all â€Å"the mom† responsibilities I have taken on in the past two years. I feel great about myself as a mom and a person and feel I am capable anything I put my mind too. This attitude helps in all aspects of my life. The time I spend with my daughter and my spouse together as a family creates the ultimate happiness in my life and I feel blessed to have them. My family has been through a lot of up’s and down’s and I know we are a strong family unit. Constraints Constraints in our lecture notes was defined as barriers, inhibitor’s, obstacles, or restraining factor’s – perceived or real – that influence (preclude or limit) an individual’s participation, frequency, intensity, duration, quality, or freedom of choice in leisure activity. E. L Jackson, 1988) Having just moved here in January, away from my spouse and other immediate family, has been a constraint, both to my physical well-being as well as to my emotional well-being. I have found that being on a student salary with my daughter is very constraining of both time and money. All of these obstacles limit the activities that my daughter and I can do a s we are limited by when, where and how often we can carry out our work and leisure activities. With a budget in mind this creates more barriers as I cannot afford a babysitter. I find that I do not have as much freedom as I did when I lived in Thompson, where my family was available to babysit at a moment’s notice. When I lived in Thompson, my spouse and I had 1 household and I was able to work. Being able to work enabled me to to afford a new vehicle, get my hair done when I wanted or shop online as I pleased. Things are different now, I am in a new city, in a new home (additional household), and I really have to watch what I spend my money on now. If my daughter is sick I miss school, a workout, or have to cancel any prior plans I had. I also am unable to work since I cannot afford a babysitter. Ultimately, deciding move was a large constraint to my personal, leisure and financial life but it will be beneficial when I’m done school. What I can do to remove constraints Being a mom on my own, my daughter does take up a lot of my time. I try to find activities we can do together, and as she gets older I know she will be able to participate in more activities. I go to the gym when she is at daycare and if I want to go on the weekend my gym has a daycare where she enjoys it too. If I want to go for a run I simply put her in her stroller and off we go together. If I want to go for tea with a friends we go to McDonald’s where Mila can play and where I am able to socialize. When her dad does come to visit I am able to get my free time in to do whatever I want. My daughter’s grandparents live in Lac Du Bonet and they are also willing to take her once in awhile. I believe if you really want something you can make it happen and with a few adaptations you can make any situation work. My daughter isn’t going to be two years old forever so I’m going to enjoy the time we have now together. Stress in my life My current major stress issues are trying to get my finances in order. I have car payments and monthly rent and utility payments. This is my first time living on my own and is also the first time living alone with my two year old daughter. This change was a scary change not just for me but for her as well. Another major stressor in my life is my relationship with my spouse. Our relationship has been an on and off relationship and not the healthiest relationship either. I have lost weight as a result of being hurt and stressed out, my education has suffered and my relationships with my other family members and friends have suffered. Another contributor of stress in my life is raising my two year old daughter by myself and with everything combined it can be overwhelming at times. Activities that reduce my stress When I upset or need time to myself I really enjoying swimming or going for a long run to help clear my head and sort out my thoughts. If I need to talk to someone about something I usually workout with a good friend so I can get a workout in and another person’s perspective on my current problem or issue, whatever it may be. After a good workout I always feel great and it helps me to remember to think positive regardless the situation. I believe everything will always work out for the better in the end and it usually does. My mom, sister, and close friends are always a phone call away so it is comforting to know I can phone them and they will be there for me no matter the situation or problem. Positive thinking while I’m engaging in any activity I enjoy is a great way for me dealing with stress and life in general. I always try to surround myself with positive people; people who are going to lift me higher and who help me cope with stress. When I am frustrated I cry, I have found that crying is a great release and that after doing so I always feel better. Rather than viewing crying as a weakness I view it as a strength, it takes more to admit one is overwhelmed than it does to always pretend to everything is ok and if it results in a happier me then it must be positive. Activities that reduce my stress: * Working out with a close friend * Running or swimming alone * Talking to a close family member or close friend * Going for a tan * Going for a long walk with my daughter * Watching a movie and cuddling with my daughter * Crying when frustrated How can I use Leisure differently to reduce Stress? I feel that I have a good overall balance of how I control my stress. Managing stress is all about taking charge; taking charge of my thoughts, my emotions, my schedule, my environment, and the way I deal with my problems helps me cope with stress. The ultimate goal is a balanced life, with time for work, relationships, relaxation, and fun, plus the strength to hold up under pressure and meet life’s challenges head on. I admit that there are moments where I may crack under pressure but I’m human and it is completely normal to have these moments. I know that I can improve on my time management when it comes to my daughter and my education time. I think that partaking in a yoga class once a week will help improve my stress levels. Also finding more free community family programs will be beneficial for daughter and me as well. It will help us to meet more families who may possibly be in a similar situation as us. The influence of my Cultural background on my Leisure I am of Metis background, my mom is aboriginal and my dad is from Nova Scotia. My mom is a residential school survivor and raised me and my siblings the western Canadian way. We do not practice aboriginal culture and tradition. While I have participated in smudging before and I have been to a few pow wow’s, I can’t say that my cultural background has contributed to my leisure in a large way. How to cite Leisure Profile Assignment, Papers

Event Management Melbourne International Comedy Festival - Sample

Question: Discuss about the Event Management Melbourne International Comedy Festival. Answer: Background information of the event: The chosen comedy festival is a historical event not only in the history of Melbourne but also in the entire world. The event is celebrated every year in Melbourne with enormous joys from irrespective of the age groups. The annual comedy festival accommodates different types of exemplary such as stand-up comedy, street performance, television, cabaret, radio, television and visual arts. The comedy festival aims to discover the hidden qualities, to develop the unexamined potentialities and to get the inspirations of the audiences, which is perhaps the biggest pleasure for an artist and for an event. The festival stays there in the city for around three and half weeks (Melbourne International Comedy Festival, 2017). 5Ws: Following are the 5Ws of the chosen comedy festival (Quinn, 2013): Why The festival had three important beneficiaries such as audience, corporate and the sponsors. The audiences had enormous enjoyment as they had a highly incremented enjoyment for around three and a half week. They had the chance to have some moments go get relaxed from their everyday hectic schedules. All in all comedy shows are a very good resource of having fun and enjoyment. In the Melbourne, they get this opportunity every year. They wait for this moment, as there are many things in such events than just comedy shows. It has cabaret and street performances also. The sponsors have for them some moment of high revenues and huge publicity. Nothing can be better than promoting such a grand event. Last but not the least, the corporate world such as the eventmanagement industry would be highly benefitted of this kind of event, as these events are highly popular and largely profitable. Apart from all such benefits to the different stakeholders associated to the event, these kinds of event s are highly beneficial for understanding the cultural values of the geographical area in concerned. The event is highly beneficial from the countrys economy perspectives. The success of such events is a sure boost in the economy of the country. These events are also the source of some employment and it is rightly serving a good amount of employment solutions to the needful unemployed individual. However, the frequency of events would decide the profitability and the associated income of the employed individuals. These kinds of events are the needs of societies, the countries and their economies. Who Events are organized primarily for the business purposes. These are in actuality the source of income to a wide numbers of unemployed people such as the artists, the common people and the industry as well. The events are organized every year not just to provide some fun options to the audiences but also to earn a healthy income to provide a good financial supports to the artists, to the event stakeholders and some benefits to the economy of the country. The target audience of such shows are the all age groups bit in particular the old age group and the children. Nevertheless, the success of the success of the events is solely dependent on the people turned around numbers. The nature of such events is to make everyone enjoy being here at the festival venue. It also targets those audiences who are coming to this city as a tourist. This is one of the best attractions, which a tourist could ever have in Melbourne. The nature of the event is more of fun, which is fulfilled by different co medy shows, cabaret dancing, road shows etc. When There are ample reasons to visit Melbourne such as this is worlds third largest comedy show. The madness of the show can well be seen on the roads as numerous festival lovers are found expressing their happiness. The festival would provide an enlighten array of choices to the audiences. It has as many as 550 shows and the ticket prices are on an average equals to $30. They need to be at the Fed Square. The months of March and April are for the fun lovers at the International Comedy Festival. Where The international comedy festival has tried every possible level to enhance the attraction of the comedy festival and attract a mass involvement of local and international public. They had opened up ample of shows booking options, which had offered booking from the online website, by phone and by visit personally to the various booking counters. They had tried to introduce every possible bit to raise the attraction level of the visitors. They had allowed a reasonable parking offers such as during the weekend this would cost $6 for a entire evening. They also had some special arrangements for the mobility persons. They just tried their every possible bit to attain the pleasure of a maximum attendance from every group of the society. What The festival is a landmark in the history of Melbourne as well as in the whole world. The comedy festival is the worlds third largest in terms of popularity and the grandness, which it has. The biggest USP of the comedy festival are Raw Comedy, an Australias biggest competition on the open microphone, Class Clowns, a competition for the high school students at the national level and Deadly Funny, a comedy competition for the indigenous people celebrating their unique humour. History of the event: John Pinder had first felt the importance of the international comedy festival. He then requested the Victorian Tourism Commission for working something for the proposed field. He then decided to go to some international destination, which were already hosting the same kinds of comedy festivals. Mr. John then got filled up with the essence of comedy festivals and proposed the plan to the local government of Australia. The local government of Australia then realized that the concept has its own potential. Riding on the highly ignites spirit, the first of its kind was hosted by Barry Humphries and Peter Cook in the year 1987 at the Melbourne Town Hall. The first show had featured 56 different shows. By the year 1999, the number of shows had then evolved to a new height and reached to 120 shows. The festival was at its peak when it reached to a record 369 shows in the year 2010. In the mentioned year, it generated overall revenue such as A$10.9 million making this a largest cultural eve nt in Australia (Melbourne International Comedy Festival, 2017). Obtaining of volunteer opportunity: To obtain the volunteer jobs in the international comedy festival of Melbourne, the interested candidates can approach to the Imperial, Provincial and Duke at the Wellington Hotels for applying for the volunteer jobs. If someone were interested for the volunteer jobs, the one would get double passes for every single show at the three different venues. The volunteers were only needed to be there for some hours during the comedy festival. It really worked for them who have some experience and a good reference behind them. Three tasks of event manager at an event: Following are the three vital work responsibilities that an event manager is required to perform at the different kinds of events (Conway, 2014): The event manager has the responsibilities to work closely with the event coordinator to ensure a smooth progress of the event They need to be active at all the times and are required to perform dome paper works at some times such as the details planning and the required changes to the schedule If the team members have any problem then they are required to approach the event manager, the event manager then would take care of the scenario and would also guide them on how to effectively conduct the job during the events Visual images overall event discussion: The overall event was full of entertainment. The audiences who are thronging from the local country and from some other parts of world were telling the story of success, which the international comedy festival has garnered in the last two decades. The high number of thronging people to this event and highly acknowledged performances by some young and talented artists were constructing a different world where expressiveness has no limit. The expressiveness was at its full heights. The emotions had no boundaries there as it went spread for every single moment, which happened there (Yeoman et al., 2014). Visual images volunteer experience: The international comedy festival at Melbourne displayed a list of various kinds of events such as road show, cabaret and the comedy shows. I had the opportunity to work as a volunteer in the Trades Hall Comedy. The hall did feature 20 awesome comedy shows comprising of international artists. Potential young artists conducted the shows. I was the volunteer during the shows and I had very a few moments of interaction with the audience. The event was centred on some high performing comedy shows; however, it has many more to offer. I had utilized the chances by catching some special moments during the shows. The comedy shows had the potential to mesmerize with its sheer acts from different young artists. The show had helped me improve my interpersonal communication. The event was full of comedy shows, cabaret and indigenous people expressing their humour. The artists have displayed their different genre of expertise but I realized that it was more than this. It made me realize that tale nts never die. The imaginative world of artists has submerged me in the illusion of imagination. It made me feel that the show must go on. Recommendation for improvement: The current international comedy festival in Melbourne is widely successful and there are reasons to celebrate. To some of the artists, the comedy festival in Melbourne is much convenient than the Edinburgh. This is because that there is high competition in Edinburgh. Despite of all the glory, which the international comedy festival in Melbourne has fetched on to his credit, it is missing on one important factor such as assimilation with the cultural diversity. The Australian people are changing now. They are becoming less effective in racial activities than in the past. However, the Australian audiences are not yet ready to listen to an assertive speech by some minority group. The behaviour with the indigenous people have nit yet improved. The recommendation would be for the Australian audiences that they start accepting the minority groups as well such as the Indigenous people (Luckhurst Rae, 2016). If this happens, this would certainly end the hesitation in the Indigenous people and help them become expressive. This is because that nothing can be a better platform than the drama stage to express the feelings. The change perception of the audiences would open up doors to many minority cultural participations in the comedy festival. Moreover, this would enhance its revenues and would certainly boost the local economy of the country. Conclusion: The International Comedy Festival in Melbourne has all the necessary elements in it for attracting a mass participation of audiences from every part of world. However, the non-acceptance nature of the Australian audiences towards the minority groups is not a good signal for the betterment of the comedy festival. The cultural assimilation would further improve the business of the festival. References: Conway, D. G. (2014).The Event Manager's Bible 3rd Edition: The Complete Guide to Planning and Organising a Voluntary or Public Event. Hachette UK. Luckhurst, M., Rae, J. (2016). Diversity Agendas in Australian Stand-Up Comedy.M/C Journal,19(4). Melbourne International Comedy Festival. (2017). Melbourne International Comedy Festival. [online] Available at: https://www.comedyfestival.com.au/about-us [Accessed 18 May 2017]. Quinn, B. (2013).Key concepts in event management. Sage. Yeoman, I., Robertson, M., McMahon-Beattie, U., Smith, K. A., Backer, E. (2014).The Future of Events Festivals. Routledge.

Tinoco free essay sample

In light of the American recession and taking into consideration Li Fung’s hugely successful implementation and utilization of its supply chain management system, there are a 3 main ways Li Fung can continue to expand its business and reach its target of US$20 billion. Our key recommendation here is for Li Fung to revaluate its past strategy and realign it more effective in the current situation, reduce costs by utilizing systems it already has in place and by targeting specific markets in such a way that they can experience potentially great reciprocal gains. The first step that Li Fung should take in order to continue expanding its business and reach its target requires us to look back at factors that have successfully contributed to the current formation of Li Fung, namely through acquisitions. Throughout its history, Li Fung has actively pursued and relied on acquisition to grow its business by expanding its supplier network and customer base. We will write a custom essay sample on Tinoco or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page While this was a great strategy in the past, continued implementation in this economic climate is risky and could impart devastating results. Thus, Li Fung should discontinue the acquisition strategy for now and implement a more natural or traditional 2) Explore the growth opportunities available to Li Fung? 3) How can the company further develop its internal resources to enhance competitiveness? Case Study Li Fung  1) In light of the American recession, what can Li Fung do to continue expanding its business and reach its target of $20 billion for the period 2008-2010? In light of the American recession and taking into consideration Li Fung’s hugely successful implementation and utilization of its supply chain management system, there are a 3 main ways Li Fung can continue to expand its business and reach its target of US$20 billion. Our key recommendation here is for Li Fung to revaluate its past strategy and realign it more effective in the current situation, reduce costs by utilizing systems it already has in place and by targeting specific markets in such a way that they can experience potentially great reciprocal gains. The first step that Li Fung should take in order to continue expanding its business and reach its target requires us to look back at factors that have successfully contributed to the current formation of Li Fung, namely through acquisitions. Throughout its history, Li Fung has actively pursued and relied on acquisition to grow its business by expanding its supplier network and customer base. While this was a great strategy in the past, continued implementation in this economic climate is risky and could impart devastating results. Thus, Li Fung should discontinue the acquisition strategy for now and implement a more natural or traditional 2) Explore the growth opportunities available to Li Fung?  3) How can the company further develop its internal resources to enhance competitiveness? Case Study Li Fung 1) In light of the American recession, what can Li Fung do to continue expanding its business and reach its target of $20 billion for the period 2008-2010? In light of the American recession and taking into consideration Li Fung’s hugely successful implementation and utilization of its supply chain management system, there are a 3 main ways Li Fung can continue to expand its business and reach its target o f US$20 billion. Our key recommendation here is for Li Fung to revaluate its past strategy and realign it more effective in the current situation, reduce costs by utilizing systems it already has in place and by targeting specific markets in such a way that they can experience potentially great reciprocal gains. The first step that Li Fung should take in order to continue expanding its business and reach its target requires us to look back at factors that have successfully contributed to the current formation of Li Fung, namely through acquisitions. Throughout its history, Li Fung has actively pursued and relied on acquisition to grow its business by expanding its supplier network and customer base. While this was a great strategy in the past, continued implementation in this economic climate is risky and could impart devastating results. Thus, Li Fung should discontinue the acquisition strategy for now and implement a more natural or traditional 2) Explore the growth opportunities available to Li Fung? 3) How can the company further develop its internal resources to enhance competitiveness?

Mein Kampf the Book Written by Adolf Hitler

Mein Kampf the Book Written by Adolf Hitler By 1925, 35-year-old Adolf Hitler was already a war veteran, leader of a political party, orchestrator of a failed coup, and a prisoner in a German prison. In July 1925, he also became a published book author with the release of the first volume of his work,  Mein Kampf (My Struggle). The book, whose first volume was largely written during his eight-month imprisonment for his leadership in the failed coup, is a rambling discourse on Hitler’s ideology and goals for the future German state.  The second volume was published in December 1926 (however, the books themselves were printed with a 1927 publication date). The text initially suffered from slow sales but, like its author would soon become a fixture in German society. Hitler’s Early Years in the Nazi Party At the end of World War I, Hitler, like so many other German veterans, found himself unemployed. So when he was offered a position to work as an informant for the newly established Weimar government, he seized the opportunity. Hitlers duties were simple; he was to attend the meetings of newly formed political organizations and report upon their activities to government officials who were monitoring these parties. One of the parties, the German Workers’ Party (DAP), captivated Hitler so much during his attendance that the following spring he left his government position and decided to dedicate himself to the DAP. That same year (1920), the party changed its name to the National Socialist German Workers’ Party (NSDAP), or Nazi Party. Hitler quickly gained renown as a powerful speaker. Within the party’s early years, Hitler is credited with helping the party greatly increase membership through his powerful speeches against the government and the Treaty of Versailles.  Hitler is also credited with helping to design the main tenets of the party’s platform. In July 1921, a shake-up occurred within the party and Hitler found himself in the position to replace party co-founder Anton Drexler as the chairperson of the Nazi Party. Hitler's Failed Coup: The Beer Hall Putsch In the fall of 1923, Hitler decided it was time to seize upon the public’s discontent with the Weimar government and organize a putsch (coup) against both the Bavarian state government and the German federal government. With assistance from the SA, SA leader Ernst Roehm, Herman Gà ¶ring, and famous World War I General Erich von Ludendorff, Hitler and Nazi Party members stormed a Munich beer hall where members of the local Bavarian government were gathered for an event. Hitler and his men quickly brought the event to a standstill by setting up machine guns at the entrances and falsely announcing that the Nazis had seized both the Bavarian state government and the German federal government. After a short period of perceived success, several missteps led to the putsch quickly falling apart. After being shot at in the street by the German military, Hitler fled and hid for two days in the attic of a party supporter. He was then caught, arrested, and placed in Landsberg prison to await his trial for his role in the attempted Beer Hall Putsch. On Trial for Treason In March 1924, Hitler and the other leaders of the putsch were put on trial for high treason. Hitler, himself, faced possible deportation from Germany (due to his status as a non-citizen) or a life sentence in prison. He took advantage of the media coverage of the trial to paint himself as an ardent supporter of the German people and the German state, wearing his Iron Cross for Bravery in WWI and speaking out against the â€Å"injustices† perpetrated by the Weimar government and their collusion with the Treaty of Versailles. Instead of projecting himself as a man guilty of treason, Hitler came across during his 24-day trial as an individual who had the best interests of Germany in mind. He was sentenced to five years in Landsberg prison but would serve only eight months. The others on trial received lesser sentences and some were released without any penalty. The Writing of Mein Kampf Life in Landsberg prison was far from difficult for Hitler. He was permitted to walk freely throughout the grounds, wear his own clothing, and entertain visitors as he chose. He was also permitted to mingle with other prisoners, including his personal secretary, Rudolf Hess, who was imprisoned for his own part in the failed putsch. During their time together in Landsberg, Hess served as Hitler’s personal typist while Hitler dictated some of the work that would become known as the  first volume of Mein Kampf. Hitler decided to write Mein Kampf for a two-fold purpose: to share his ideology with his followers and also to help recoup some of the legal expenses from his trial. Interestingly, Hitler originally proposed the title, Four-and-a-Half Years of Struggle Against Lies, Stupidity, and Cowardice; it was his publisher who shortened it to My Struggle or Mein Kampf. Volume 1 The first volume of Mein Kampf, subtitled â€Å"Eine Abrechnung† or â€Å"A Reckoning,† was written mostly during Hitler’s stay in Landsberg and ultimately consisted of 12 chapters when it was published in July 1925. This first volume covered Hitler’s childhood through the initial development of the Nazi Party. Although many of the book’s readers thought it would be autobiographical in nature, the text itself only uses Hitler’s life events as a springboard for long-winded diatribes against those he viewed as inferior, particularly the Jewish people. Hitler also frequently wrote against the political scourges of Communism, which he purported was directly linked to the Jews, whom he believed were attempting to take over the world. Hitler also wrote that the present German government and its democracy was failing the German people and that his plan to remove the German parliament and instate the Nazi Party as the leadership would save Germany from future ruin. Volume 2 Volume two of Mein Kampf, subtitled â€Å"Die Nationalsozialistische Bewegung,† or â€Å"The National Socialist Movement,† consisted of 15 chapters and was published in December 1926. This volume was intended to cover how the Nazi Party was founded; however, it was more of a rambling discourse of Hitler’s political ideology. In this second volume, Hitler laid out his goals for future German success. Crucial to the success of Germany, Hitler believed, was gaining more â€Å"living space†. He wrote that this gain should be made by first spreading the German empire to the East, into the land of the inferior Slavic peoples who should be enslaved and their natural resources confiscated for the better, more racially pure, German people. Hitler also discussed the methods he would employ to gain the support of the German populace, including a massive propaganda campaign and the rebuilding of the German military. Reception for Mein Kampf The initial reception for Mein Kampf was not particularly impressive; the book sold roughly 10,000 copies in its first year. Most of the book’s initial purchasers were either Nazi Party faithful or members of the general public who were wrongly anticipating a scandalous autobiography. By the time Hitler became Chancellor in 1933, approximately 250,000 copies of the book’s two volumes had been sold. Hitler’s ascension to the chancellorship breathed new life into sales of Mein Kampf. For the first time, in 1933, sales of the full edition eclipsed the one million mark. Several special editions were also created and distributed to the German people. For instance, it became customary for every newlywed couple in Germany to receive a special newlywed’s edition of the work. By 1939, 5.2 million copies had been sold. At the outset of World War II, additional copies were distributed to each soldier. Copies of the work were also customary gifts for other life milestones such as graduations and births of children. By the war’s end in 1945, the number of copies sold rose to 10 million. However, despite its popularity on the printing presses, most Germans would later admit that they had not read the 700-page, two-volume text to any great extent. Mein Kampf Today With Hitler’s suicide and the conclusion of World War II, the property rights of Mein Kampf went to the Bavarian state government (since Munich was Hitler’s last official address before the Nazi seizure of power). Leaders in the Allied-occupied portion of Germany, which contained Bavaria, worked with Bavarian authorities to institute a ban on the publication of Mein Kampf within Germany. Upheld by the reunified German government, that ban  continued until 2015. In 2015, the copyright on Mein Kampf expired and the work became part of the public domain, thus negating the ban. In an effort to prevent the book from further becoming a tool of neo-Nazi hatred, the Bavarian state government has begun a campaign to publish annotated editions in several languages with hopes that these educational editions will become more popular than editions published for other, less noble, purposes. Mein Kampf still remains one of the most widely published and known books in the world. This work of racial hatred was a blueprint for the plans of one of the most destructive governments in world history. Once a fixture in German society, there is hope that today it can serve as a learning tool to prevent such tragedies in future generations.

Pell Grant Eligibility and Requirements Do You Qualify

Pell Grant Eligibility and Requirements Do You Qualify SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Pell Grants are awarded by the federal US government to help students pay for college or vocational school.Figuring out whether you're eligible can be confusing, but this post will guide you through all the eligibility requirements you should knowabout if you want to apply for a federal Pell Grant. If you need a basic intro to what the Pell Grant is, check out our overview guide. Students are automatically considered for the Pell Grant when they submit their Free Application for Federal Student Aid, or FAFSA. You can learn more about submission here. In this post, we'll cover the following: How to figure out whether you're eligiblefor federal student aid What the Pell Grant income limits are How to figure out whether you're eligible for the Pell Grant specifically Pell Grant award maximums What you can do to increase your chances of getting the Pell Grant What Are the Federal Student Aid Requirements? Because the Pell Grant is a federal aid program, you need to meet basic eligibility for federal student aid in order to be considered for the Pell.There are a lot of complicated-seeming requirements, so we put together two lists that describeeverything you need before applying for aid. You need to check off every item on List #1 and one item on List #2. List #1 In order to be eligible for all federal aid, including the Pell Grant, you must meet all the following eligibility criteria: Eligibility Requirement Do you meet this criterion? Have a high school diploma, GED, or approved homeschool education Be enrolled or accepted to enroll in an eligible degree/certificate program You can check with your school/program’s financial aid office if you want to confirm eligibility Be registered with Selective Service,if you are male and 18-25 years old If applicable,register on the SS website Have a valid Social Security Number (unless you’re from the Republic of the Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, or Republic of Palau) Sign statements on the FAFSA stating that (1) you’re not in default and do not owe refund money on a federal student loan, and (2) you’ll only use federal aid money to help pay for your education Access the FAFSA Maintain "satisfactory" progress in school If you’re concerned about your academic performance or have questions about what is considered "satisfactory," set up a meeting with your dean or other school administrator List #2 In addition to the items listed above, you must be able to check ONEof the following: Be a US citizen or US national Have a green card Have an Arrival-Departure Record (I-94) Have battered immigrant status Have a T-Visa These are all the requirements necessary to apply for federal financial aid.If you didn't have any issues with the items listed above, you're on the right track! Want to build the best possible college application and financial aid package? We can help. PrepScholar Admissions is the world's best admissions consulting service. We combine world-class admissions counselors with our data-driven, proprietary admissions strategies. We've overseen thousands of students get into their top choice schools, from state colleges to the Ivy League. We know what kinds of students colleges want to admit. We want to get you admitted to your dream schools. Learn more about PrepScholar Admissions to maximize your chance of getting in. Making sure you meet these requirements is a hassle, but it's worth it for free money, right? What Are the Pell Grant Requirements? There are a few eligibility requirements specific to the Pell Grant that you need to meet on top of the federal requirements we just discussed. Let's start by answering an important question: what are the Pell Grant income limits? The Pell Grant is meant primarily for low-income students who have not already received a post-secondary degree.There are some exceptions to this, but they're rare. For the purpose of this post, I'll be focusing onfuture and current college students. In a nutshell, to be considered eligible for the Pell Grant, you: Mustdemonstrate enough financial need (we'll get to the details of this shortly) Cannot already have a bachelor's or professional degree Easy enough, right? In the next section, I'll explain exactly what I mean when I say you need to demonstrate "enough financial need." What Are the Financial Need Requirements? This seems like a simple question, but the answer is actually somewhat complicated. Before I can answer this question, I need to briefly explain what financial information is considered important, and why. The Department of Education- the government department in charge of federal financial aid- takes a lot of factors into consideration when determiningwhether to award the Pell Grant. Put simply, the greater your family's financial need is, the greater the likelihood that you'll be awarded the grant. There's more to determining financial need than just looking at how much your parents make, however; your family's expenses are alsotaken into account. Lower income + more expenses = greater need. Allow me tobreak down what counts as income and what counts as an expense: Income: Your own personal income (if any) Your parents' income Assets belonging to you or your parents (e.g., savings or things they could own, such as a house) Expense: Number of people living in your household (more people = more expense) Number of family members (not including parents) who are attending college Your school's Cost of Attendance, or CoA- that is,how much you have to pay in tuition, room, board, and other expenses for one year Now that we've gotten through that information, I can better explain how your family's unique financial situation is analyzed when you're considered for a Pell Grant. All the above factors- income and expenses- are used to calculate yet another number called an Expected Family Contribution (EFC). If your EFC is at or below $5,140 for the 2019-20 academic year, you will be eligible to receive the Pell Grant. Each family's financial situation is different, and there's no one income cutoff that makes a student eligible or ineligible to receive the Pell. With that being said, here are some important facts to note: Most Pell Grants are awarded to students whose families make less than $30,000 annually Some Pell Grants are awarded to students whose families make $30,000-$60,000 annually It's possible but rare for students to be awarded the grant if their families make more than $60,000 annually What Are the Requirements After You Get Your Pell Grant? Do You Ever Need to Repay Pell Grants? After you have met the requirements for both FAFSA and the Pell Grant, and have been awarded your Pell Grant, it's pretty easy to remain eligible for the grant. All you need to do is stay in school. However, if you drop out of school while you're receiving a Pell Grant or change from full-time student status to part-time student status, you might be required to repay all or part of your Pell Grant for that year or semester. If your school determines that you need to repay your Pell Grant, they'll send you a notice informing you of how much you owe and when you'll need to pay it by. You'll typically have 45 days to either pay the amount in full or set up a payment plan. You might have to focus a little more than you'd like on the family finances. How Much Money Can You Get From a Pell Grant? For 2019-2020, the maximum Pell Grant award is $6,195.Factors such as the amount of your Expected Family Contribution and enrollment status (full-time vs part-time) will affect how much money you can get. You can learn more about calculating your EFC with our Pell Grant Calculatorguide. What If You Don't Qualify for a Pell Grant? If you're above the Pell Grant income limits, there's not much you can do to change your family's financial situation, which is the maincriterionused when you apply for a Pell Grant. There are certain factors under your control that might affect your eligibility. Here are some potential eligibility issues and solutions: If you don't have a high school diploma but would like to attend college, you can get a GED to meet federal financial aid requirements. Make sure you apply to and enroll in colleges or vocational programs that participate in the Pell Grant program. If you're unsure whether a school is involved in the program, you can check with that school's financial aid office. If you're not eligible for financial aid because you're in default on a federal student loan, focus on paying back that debt before applying for more federal aid. Summary: How Pell Grant Eligibility Works The Pell Grant is anannual award given out by the federal government to students who need help paying for college.If you apply for FAFSA, you'll be automatically considered for a Pell Grant. To meet the Pell Grant requirements, you'll need to meet all the federal eligibility requirements for financial aid and provethat your expected family contribution is at or below $5,140 for the 2019-2020 school year. Currently, the maximum Pell Grant award is $6,195. Once you receivea Pell Grant, you don't need to pay it back, unless you drop out of school or change from full-time to part-time student status, in which case you'll need to repay all or part of your Pell Grant. What's Next? If you're already looking at how to get a Pell Grant, you might already know about the program. If not, you can read about everything you need to know in our in-depthPell Grant guide. Are you still putting together your college applications? You might want to learn more about application strategy and versatility. For more information on getting into your top-choice schools, check out our step-by-step guide. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

The Boeing Aircraft Company - Managerial Economics Essay

The Boeing Aircraft Company - Managerial Economics - Essay Example Today, in order to break even, an jet aircraft manufacturing firm needs to sell 350 units of the aircraft to recover its development and production costs and thus break even. Because of such tremendous amount of fixed capital requirements, experts believe that the world can support at most only 3 manufacturers. However, as the first entrants in the industry, both Boeing and Airbus get a lock on the economies of scale and discouraged subsequent entry of other competitors. Back in the 1990s it was estimated that the world demand would be something in the scale of 1500 aircraft of the 300-seater type over a period of 10 years from 1995 to 2005, so that if the firm had to sell 50 aircraft average per year or 500 over this period just to obtain a reasonable return on its investment. At the beginning, Boeing had to step in the shoes de Havilland Comet in the 1950s, when that aircraft company had frequent accidents. Boeing took over and compiled a good safety record although it was not the first entrant in the industry. Boeing built on its advantages and obtained US government support for its research and development program. Boeing, located in Washington, U.S.A., is the worlds largest manufacturer of commercial jet aircraft, and today controls nearly two-thirds of the worlds market, down from its former positional advantage of a 2:1 dominance.. It is recalled that as part of a strategic industrial strategy, the US government provided substantial research and development grants to Boeing in its early years, specifically in the 1950s and the 1960s, to help the domestic firm compete in the emerging market for jet passenger planes in Boeings favor. After recently merging with McDonnell-Douglas the company has diversified more intensively its production of aircrafts and related products for military use. The government has no longer found it necessary to provide significant

Hamptons International in UAE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Hamptons International in UAE - Essay Example The paper is divided into separate sections with each section analyzing one component of the business. There is a section on applying Porter’s Five Forces and another on the BCG or the Boston Consulting Group Matrix as applied to Hamptons. A section provides the value chain analysis and another section covers the financial analysis with the conclusion recommending a set of strategies for the company going forward. Each section flows into the next in an attempt to provide a holistic and well rounded analysis of the company and its operations. Before concluding this Executive Summary, one needs to remember the words about Hamptons being a quintessentially British company which invokes images of history and elegance that is now under a different ownership that is moving aggressively to capture new markets and grow its business. It is this conflation of old world work ethic and modern business practices that make Hamptons International a unique and singular company to

Pip and Joes relationship Essay Example for Free

Pip and Joes relationship Essay But the main turning point for the relationship of these two characters is when he is told by Mr. Jaggers, lawyer who defends Magwitch, Magwitch orders him to keep track of Pips finances. Jaggers serves as Pips guardian during his time in London. Pip moves to London and makes new friends and lives a different life to the one he had during his childhood then we he does come back to see the village he is surprised how much London is different from the marshes and how the people talk and act different. However while Pip is in London he shows a sine of snobbery and vanity and because of this he is ashamed or embarrassed by the arrival of Joe because he thinks it would ruin his reputation with his piers and companions if he was to be seen dinning with a simple person and not the richest and well respected people in London and because of this Pip has to change his personality, his life and most of all his morals and this effects people around him such as Joe and no longer treats him as a best friend but like a far distance friend. But while Joe is at Pips flat little objects and movements shows how Joe has started to treat Pip differently and how he can no longer treat Pip the same way he did at his childhood and how Pip no longer needs help from Joe. One of these objects is the placement of Joes hat and how much of a fuss he makes over it and also the vocabulary he uses and how much he is surprised on Herberts courtesy towards him. Also when Pip sees Joe leave he realizes something very important which is even thought he has money, respect and friends Joe has been there throughout his life and always seem to care about him no matter what and finally discovers the amount of loyalty which is shown towards him and also that Joe is not a simple man or a poorer person he is a hardworking person who deserves everything good that comes to him and a very moral man who is a kind hearted friend. Another key part of the story is just after Magwitch dies and Pip falls ill and Joe takes it on himself to nurse Pip back to health. When Pip does finally awake he is surprised to see Joe Which dear old Pip, old chap, said Joe, you and me was ever friends, And when youre well enough to go out for a ride what larks! in this short piece of writing it shows how excited Joe is to see Pip well and this is almost similar to the start of the story and it is completely different from the vocabulary Joe used in London because now he is in his comfort zone and doesnt need to act a certain way to be accepted. The whole story is finished where it starts back home where he meets Estella and decides to back to London in order to fulfill his dream of becoming a proper gentlemen and also becomes closer than ever to Joe and to his new wife Biddy. In conclusion I have discovered that Pip and Joes relationship is the main basis of the story and it differs from every event and how even in the worst of times Joe will always be there for Pip no matter what situation as he will never change his opinion of Joe. Times may change but there friendship will always be there and this is presented clearly by Dickens and it often refers to his own personal life as his father was put in prison like Magwitch and how he was moved to another village with no choice and finally his love with Ellen Turner is very similar to the obsession which Pip shows for Estella. Overall Dickens presents the relationship as thought they are live long friends or soul mates and this is the main talking point through out the story.

Death Penalty and Deterrence Essay examples -- Capital Punishment Crim

Death Penalty and Deterrence Ever since the beginning of time man has committed crimes. Crimes were described as acts which go against the social and moral norms of society and people. People have learned to deal with these crimes in many different ways. One of the most used forms of dealing with crime is punishing those who commit crimes. There are numerous ways in which people have punished those who commit crimes throughout history from making the criminal pay fines to banishing them from the community. However, in modern times, there are fewer acceptable forms of punishment that are used. For very unserious crimes, governments may simply make a criminal pay a small fine or do service for the community in some way. Offenders who commit more serious crimes may be forced to spend months or years in jail or prison. However, for the most serious crime of premeditated murder there is an even greater punishment; the punishment of death. According to Jacquelyn C. Black, since 1976 when the death penalty was reinstat ed, over 821 men and women have been executed in the United States. Capital punishment is one of the most hotly debated issues in politics and criminal justice today. The ability of the government and the judicial system to punish a criminal in the most severe way, the taking of their ability to live, is an issue that is discussed and evaluated nearly every day. Capital punishment has its roots in history though. Ever since man has formed societies he has used capital punishment as a form of punishment for criminals. The United States has also been using capital punishment for a long time. Many people think that capital punishment is a very barbaric form of punishment that should be gotten rid of. They think that no civilized nation should allow such sanctioned brutality. P61According to Ron Fridell, ?capital punishment has been abolished in all of Europe and most of Latin America, as well as Australia, New Zealand, and Canada. The United States remains the only Western nation in which capital punishment is still practiced.? Other people think that t he death penalty is an effective and just way of punishing offenders for the most heinous of crimes. This paper will try to describe the death penalty, where it came from, and its role in the judicial system today. The purpose of capital punishment is also a debated issue in the subject. Most ... ... and decrease murder rates. Constan p102 says that ?other factors that influence murder rates are unemployment, probability of arrest and conviction, percent of the population between the ages of fifteen and twenty-four, per capita financial expenditures on the police force, and other factors.? He also states that none of these factors seem to affect the crime rate though none is major enough to completely cause major changes. End Notes Davis, Michael. Justice in the Shadow of Death: Rethinking Capital and Lesser Punishments. New York: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc, 1996 Kronenwetter, Michael. Capital Punishment. Santa Barbara: ABC- CLIO, Inc, 1993. Bedau, Hugo Adam., and Pierce, Chester M. Capital Punishment in the United States. New York: AMS Press, Inc, 1975.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Megivern, James J. The Death Penalty: An Historical and Theological Survey.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  New York: Paulist Press, 1997.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Fridell, Ron. Capital Punishment. New York: Benchmark Books, 2004. Costanzo, Mark. Just Revenge: Costs and Consequences of the Death Penalty. New York: St. Martin?s Press, 1997. Goldberg, Steven. ?So What if the Death Penalty Deters World Wide Web.1989.

Cyp Core 3.4: Support Children & Young People’s Health & Safety.

Understand how to plan & provide environments & services that support children & young people’s health & safety. 1. 1Describe the factors to take into account when planning healthy & safe indoor & outdoor environments & services. There are a number of important principles to think about when you are planning for healthy and safe environments or activities with children. Most of these are common sense but you need to remember that everyone is an individual and may have different needs.There are several points to take into consideration when planning safety:  · Every child is an individual – with different needs depending on their age and abilities. You must think about this when planning activities.  ·Some children have specific needs such as sensory impairments.  ·The different needs of families and careers must be considered.  ·Always be clear about why you are using the environment in question, the activities a child encounters and what sorts of services are o ffered.  ·The duty of care of a setting to children, parents and careers is a legal obligation.You should always have the child’s safety and welfare in the front of your mind when planning.  ·The desired outcomes for the children are the starting point. Most activities with children should have clear aims and objectives that are based around the required outcomes linked to their age.  ·Lines of responsibility and accountability are down to everyone that is employed in a setting, responsibility for the health and safety of children and staff are down to all employers and there should be clear reporting responsibilities.When I plan I ensure that the location/setting of what I plan to do with the Children is the right environment for the activity. I ensure that I account for all possibilities. If I were using bikes or scooters I would check that the bikes or scooters were in good working condition and safe. I would ensure the equipment (bikes or scooters) are used in the p roper manner and with all the safety accessories (helmets/elbow & knee pads) with plenty of space, so it would be impractical to use them indoors due to the lack of space, they would be used outdoors.I would check that all the entrances and exits to the outdoor area are secure (closed/locked) I would ensure that I had the correct staff ratio to support with the activity. I would ensure that the planned outdoor space for the activity was safe, that there were no rubbish, or plant threats, that there was no dog or cat mess around and that the ground was suitable for riding bikes or scooters. In my risk assessment’s I make sure that I take into account that Children and Young people are individuals, each with different needs.A varied environment supports Children and Young people’s learning and development, it gives them confidence to explore and learn in safe and secure yet challenging indoors or outdoor space. Risk assessments are carried out to ensure the safety of the activity and for all taking part in the activity. Risk assessments should be carried out for all activities and regular checks should be carried out around the setting daily. 1. Explain how health & safety is monitored & maintained & how people in the work setting are made aware of risks & hazards & encouraged to work safely. Health and safety is monitored and maintained in a verity of ways within the setting. Under the Health and safety at work act 1974 all employees have a responsibility for the health and safety of everyone else. There is a poster displayed in the setting outlining responsibilities, we have a Healthy and Safety policy, which is shared with all staff and available to parents, outlining the main areas and objectives.These objectives are implemented into the everyday running of the setting – all staff are aware of health and safety and are constantly assessing the area that they are working in or the activity they are carrying out, there are also other polic ies in place covering – food and drink, arrival and departure, non collection of children, changing if accidents happen, outings, administrating medicines, missing children, safeguarding and fire procedure. These policies give a clear outline to what procedures are in place and how they are followed.They also work alongside the EYFS framework, which considers all aspects of children’s welfare including safeguarding, suitable persons, suitable premises and equipment. Staff training is kept up to date. Risk assessments are carried out regularly including a daily check of the environment, which is being used; a full risk assessment of tools, equipment and the environment is carried out each term, and if there are any issues that need addressing they are looked at and rectified.It may be possible for some issues to be rectified there and then, such as a broken toy, which needs to be thrown away, or a cleaning material, which has been left out. Other issues may need an acti on plan which sets out what needs to be rectified, how long this may take and by whom it should be carried out. The action plans are then reviewed within a manageable time frame to ensure the action has been completed. A risk assessment is only valid at the time it is carried out. It is important to monitor risks identified and to change anything that needs updating.The setting manager is ultimately responsible for health and safety and any risks identified are directed to her, she would then decide the best process to rectify them. Regular staff meetings are held where any issues can be raised. Children, parents, staff and visitors are made aware of any issues concerning health and safety to help minimise any risks and to ensure children are able to thrive in a healthy environment. With all members of staff being aware of the policies and procedures in place we are working together to create a safe, happy secure environment for the children. 1. Identify sources of current guidance for planning healthy & safe environments & services. There are a number of agencies that you could refer to for guidance for planning healthy & safe environments & services:  ·Health & safety executive – is the national independent watchdog for work-related health, safety and illness. They are an independent regulator and act in the public interest to reduce work-related death and serious injury across Great Britain’s workplaces  ·Child accident prevention trust – they are committed to reducing the number of children and young people killed, disabled or seriously injured in accidents. Department for schools & families – is committed to creating a world-class state education system. They will work to improve the opportunities and experiences available to children and the education workforce by focusing on the following priorities: Giving greater autonomy to schools Improving parental choice Offering more support for the poorest Whole system improvement Great quality provision for children EYFS – sets standards and frameworks to follow to ensure the safety of children & young people  ·The government web-site – (directgov) is a great source of information and guidance  ·Workplace policies & procedures – health safety in work place, risk assessment, care-plans, healthy choices food, adhere to codes of practice promote a caring safe environment, meet the child's needs and requirements, keep confidentiality, communicate with multi agencies, record all accurate information and everything documented, safeguarding policies, pass on information to relevant people, promote well-being, keep updated on training to develop your skills and improve your knowledge, raise any concerns to relevant people . 4Explain how current health & safety legislation, policies & procedures are implemented in own work setting or service. The most important legislation in the UK is the Statutory Framework for the Early Years Foundation S tage. Since 2008 this sits alongside health and safety legislation and covers every aspect of the welfare of children which includes – †¢ Safeguarding †¢ Suitable people †¢ Suitable premises and equipment †¢ Organisation †¢ Documentation Health & Safety is very important. The Health & Safety Act is up on the wall for all of us to refer to if needed. My manager ensures that we all are trained and up to date with any new policies.We have fire drills (Fire Safety Order 2005), so all staff and children know what to do and where to assemble. We carry out Fire risk assessments each term. We are all trained or in the process of training in first aid, (the First Aid at Work Regulations 1981) and have adequate, appropriate equipment and facilities for providing first aid in our setting. We know how to record any first aid incidents or accidents and a bump note is always sent home with the child, when it’s a member of staff who is hurt for example I cut my finger, so I had to fill in an accident form detailing how and what first aid I was given and sign it. We ensure the setting provides a clean and safe environment for the staff and the children to work in.If any staff member is required to clean any spillages or clean any bodily fluids up we know where the products are kept and how to dispose of it safely and also what protective clothing to wear. All cleaning products and chemicals are kept in a locked cupboard. Children are taught to wash hands before eating and after using the toilet and also to throw away any tissues and wash their hands. If any child is ill which may spread to others their parents are informed and asked to collect the child as soon as possible and they are asked to keep the child off school for the appropriate length of time required so as to prevent it spreading to others. We are all responsible for good house keeping; new employees are informed of all relevant health and safety information as part of the i nduction process.All equipment has the correct safety markings in place, and electrical equipment is PAT tested yearly. The setting manager is responsible for the purchasing and maintenance of equipment and materials ensuring that it all complies with current health and safety standards. Risk assessments are carried out and reviewed on a regular basis (the Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999). Educational visits and journeys are all risk assessed. We also refer to and follow the legal framework:  ·Health and Safety at Work Act (1974)  ·Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1992  ·Electricity at Work Regulations 1989  ·Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations (COSHH) (2002)  ·Food Hygiene 2006  ·The Care standards Act Childcare Act 2006 – this sets out the statutory framework for assessment of settings, including health and safety in EYFS in force from Sept 2008  ·Manual Handling Operations Regulations 1992 (as amen ded)  ·Health and Safety (Display Screen Equipment) Regulations 1992  ·EYFS framework  ·Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations (RIDDOR) 1995  ·Smoking Ban – UK wide in indoor public places from 1st July 2007 (EYFS includes a legal requirement to ensure children are always in a smoke-free environment)  ·Motor Vehicles (Wearing of Seat Belts)(Amendment) Regulations 2006 2Be able to recognise & manage risks to health, safety & security in a work setting or off site visits Assessed in the real work environment 2. 1/2. 2/2. 3 2. 4Explain how health & safety risk assessments are monitored & reviewedAny setting or activity carries a level of risk, by identifying and reducing risks in advance, the children in our care can make full use of the setting or activity to maximise the value and enjoyment. There are several different risks that you need to consider- †¢ Physical risks †¢ Security risks †¢ Fire risks †¢ Food safety r isks †¢ Emotional risks †¢ Personal safety risks Effective management of risk should become automatic as we become more experienced. For every activity we plan, we think about the hazards, the likelihood of the hazard occurring and the control measures. If I see a hazard in my day-to-day work, I deal with it straight away; it can be as simple as mopping up spilt water or moving toys of the floor.Risk assessment forms are used to assess hazards and identify control measures for all activities and outings. We carry out daily risk assessments throughout the setting and outside the setting. Our manager is responsible for the risk assessments that are carried out yearly (electrical/fire equipment/building) and for reviewing the risk assessments once or twice a term. A good risk assessment is only valid at the time it is carried out. Although the setting, outing or activity may be one you have used many times, one very important factor will change: The children taking part. Effe ctive risk assessments must take account of each child taking part and the number of children.Once we have started the activity that we have risk assessed it is important that we monitor the risks we identified and if anything changes we should review and change the risk assessment immediately. 3Understand how to support children & young people to assess & manage risk for themselves. 3. 1Explain why it is important to take a balanced approach to risk management We consider Managing Risks in Play Provision to be an important document that will contribute to the debate on the provision of children's play. It articulates the balance between the benefit and the need for children to play against the duty of play providers to provide safe play.We must not lose sight of the important developmental role of play for children in the pursuit of the unachievable goal of absolute safety. It makes clear that the safety must be considered at all stages of play provision but that, inevitably, there will be risk of injury when children play, as there is risk of injury in life generally. The important message is though that there must be freedom from unacceptable risk of life-threatening or permanently disabling injury in play. † Any activity a child does involves some risk. If the activity is well planned and organised with thought given to possible risks the likelihood of an accident or injury should be minimal. The secret is to balance the risks of an activity against the benefit to and safety of the child.Risk and challenge are important to a child’s development. Avoiding all risks and challenges would result in a very timid adult lacking in many everyday skills and abilities. It would be very easy to respond to all the risks to which children are exposed by not allowing them to explore or experiment. Children need to explore their environment, it is one of the ways in which they learn, but it needs to be a â€Å"safe† environment where adults control th e risk. Children need some freedom in order to develop their skills. Understanding the stage of development a child is at and their individual needs can help to provide the right amount of risk in activities. 3. Explain the dilemma between the rights & choices of children & young people & health & safety requirements. 3. 3Give example from own practice of supporting children or young people to assess & manage risk. Children learn by trying out new experiences and making choices. But they do not always have the skills and judgement to make safe choices. We as careers have the responsibility to identify potential hazards in any situation and to judge when it is safe to allow a child to undertake an activity or make a choice. Some children need this freedom to explore risk more than others. In a well-controlled setting the child can be encouraged to explore and try out new skills.At the start of the year our reception children were encouraged to explore the outdoor play activity. A few of the children were too scared to try and go round the activity, we supported them by holding their hand and walking around the activity with them, after a few times we would walk round with them but not hold their hand, instead we would praise them (wow look how far you have come; nearly there well done). Within a few weeks they were all able to go round the activity on their own. Some of the older children are allowed to climb the trees at the setting, if one of the younger children wanted to climb a tree and I felt that it was not suitable for their age and stage of development, I would suggest a different activity for them to do.Understanding the stage of development a child is at and their individual needs can help us to provide the right amount of risk in activities, for example children under the age of 8 cannot safely judge the speed or distance of a car on the road, so a child under the age of 8 should never be allowed to cross the road alone. Children are usually very go od at deciding what is safe or not. Using large play equipment is a good example of how children assess and manage risk. Without adult or another child’s interference most children will not stretch themselves beyond their capabilities. 4. Understand appropriate responses to accidents, incidents emergencies & illness in work setting & off site visits. 4. 1Explain the policies & procedures of the setting or service in response to accidents, incidents, emergencies & illness. 4. 2Identify the correct procedures for recording & reporting accidents, incidents, injuries, signs of illness & other emergenciesDuring our induction we go through the procedures to ensure that if an accident, incident, emergency or illness occurs we will know what to do and are able to carry out the required actions calmly and confidently. They are keep in a file that is easily accessible for careers to look at if requested, and so that we may refer to them if needed. Accident/First Aid: We have a qualifie d first aider in the setting or on an outing at any one time. It is our settings policy that all staff has a valid first aid qualification, so training in first aid is offered to all staff members. If a child has an accident at the setting and requires first aid then the relevant qualified person will use the settings first aid kit, which is easily accessible and regularly checked.When an accident occurs we fill out or accident book which details; where, when, how and what treatment was administered. The parents/carer is then informed and asked to sign it at the end of the session. If the injury is more severe and requires further medical attention then the parent/carer is contacted and informed or following signed consent on the settings registration form the child can be taken to the nearest Accident and Emergency unit. We have a duty to inform Ofsted and the Health and Safety Executive of any injury that requires treatment by a medical professional or in the event of the death. O ur manager reviews the accident book at the end of each term. This allows us to identify any potential or actual hazards. Medication:Before any medication can be given parents/carer have to complete and sign a consent form. The form states the child’s name; the name of the medication; the dose & frequency; how the medication should be given (before food/with food). All medication is stored appropriately in the kitchen out of the reach of the children in the setting. For the safety of the staff and children, all medication that is given to children is witnessed and checked by another member of staff. Incidents: When an incident occurs at the setting we record it in our Incident book, which is kept in the filing cabinet. An incident could be a break in or theft, vandalism, dangerous occurrence, injury or fatality.In the incident book we record the date and time of the incident, nature of the event, who was affected, what was done about it – or if it was reported to the p olice, and if so a crime number. Any follow up, or insurance claim made, should also be recorded. We comply with current HSE Regulations and report to the Health and Safety executive. Emergencies: These procedures state what to do in the event of a fire and/or evacuation. Our manager is responsible for the procedures ensuring they are up-to-date and in place. We carry out regular fire drills so that the children and staff know what to expect and also to identify any issues with our procedure. The dates and time taken to carry out fire drills are recorded. Sickness and illness:The settings policy for the exclusion of sick or infectious children is given to parents/carer in the settings information pack; these include the period of time we require a child to stay home following a bout of sickness or diarrhoea or other infectious illness such a chicken pox. When infectious illness is discovered, such as head lice, letters are given out to notify parents. If a child, following consultat ion with a qualified medical professional has an infectious disease, which is on the notifiable diseases list, then Ofsted are informed. If a child becomes ill whilst at the setting the parent/carer are called, if they are not available we have a list of authorised emergency contacts in the child’s file we can call to collect the child, until such time the child is cared for in an appropriate area of the setting.If a child becomes unwell and is a cause for serious concern then an ambulance would be called. We have procedures and specific cleaning kit for use on spilled bodily fluids. Recognising illness difficulty breathing – high temperature/fever – blueness around the lips – cold extremities – pale or clammy skin – floppy, unresponsive or unconscious Situations to be familiar with: Bites and stings – bleeding – burns and scalds – choking – electric shock – extreme effects of heat and cold – eye inj uries – poisoning – suspected fractures – meningitis – anaphylactic shock – febrile convulsions (www. nhs. co. uk) foreign bodies – caring for the unconscious person.All children have an emergency contact number in their files, it may not be the child’s parents, because of work commitments may make it difficult for them to be contacted, it may be the grandparents or auntie that is the emergency contact instead. The manager or key worker will get in touch with the emergency contact as soon as possible and inform the relevant person of the incident, and where the child has been taken if the accident was serious. The key worker or someone the child knows well will go to the hospital with them until there parents or other careers arrive, this will help reassure the child and be a point of contact when the parents arrive.

L’Oréal’s brand portfolio Essay

1.Review L’Oreal’s brand portfolio. What role have target marketing, smart acquisitions, and R&D played in growing those brands? The success of L’Oreal is a result of tactical choice of markets, targeting them wisely, thorough research and development and smart acquisitions. It is one of the leading cosmetic companies in the global market. Over the years it has created a successful brand value and expertise in the field of cosmetic and beauty products. Targeting the market was one of the factors that play pivotal role in L’Oreal success, the company targeted the audience with products as per their requirements, like, in Japan they marketed mascaras specially designed and volume as per the requirement of Japanese women. Acquisition of local beauty companies like Soft Sheen Products and Carson Products helped them to eliminate competition and also gain huge profits in U.S. and African Markets. L’Oreal spends 3% of its annual sales in research and deve lopment with 14 research centers around the world. Clear concepts about the different skin and hair and their different needs around the world helped them to design diverse products for all. 2.Who are L’Oreal’s greatest competitors? Local,global, or both? Why? The major competitors for L’Oreal are companies like, Lakme, LVMH Moet Hennessey Louis Vuitton, Estee Lauder and Chanel etc. The skin care, makeup, fragrance and hair care businesses are characterized by intense competition over the world. As each company products are close substitutes to one another. 3.What has been the key to successful local product launches such as Maybelline’s Wondercurl in Japan? The eyes and eyelashes of the women in the Western Asia is different. They have small eyes and their lashes are short and straight. Thus, when the R&D team of L’Oreal companies came up with the idea of Wonder curl Mascara, it became a instant success. 4.What’s next for L’Oreal on a global level? If you wereCEO, how would you sustain the company’s global leadership? L’Oreal is already a successful brand in the global market. Its success is seen especially in the areas of make-up and hair product, and not in the skin care. It is now required to come-up with different skin care products for people. Also, the price factors have to be kept in mind. Most brands are distributing their products at a reasonable cost. L’Oreal can achieve  success in the middle-class people by setting a reasonable price for them.

Alienation in the Novels of Namita Gokhale Essays

Alienation in the Novels of Namita Gokhale Essays Alienation in the Novels of Namita Gokhale Paper Alienation in the Novels of Namita Gokhale Paper But for Hegal human activity was itself but the expression of the sprint ( or Zeitgeist) which acted through people. Most widely popular interpretations of the term ‘ alienation’ are given by Karl Marx , in the historical and philosophical perspectives. Taking clue from Hegal, Marx imparted secular and materialistic dimensions to the interpretations of alienation. He conceptualized that the term, â€Å" stems from his consideration of what man is capable of becoming†(But couldn’t become). He has condemned these social features which do not allow man to achieve a sociey of free, creative individuals, society of artists, in which each individual is free to realize his nature through spontaneous activity in the spheres of productive life, social life and sensual life. The Classical sociological thoughts point out a source of the term and the concept of alienation different from that of Marx in the history of ideas although entries on alienation did not appear in the reference books of social sciences until as late as 1935. However, it cannot be denied that the concept had existed implicitly or explicitly in classical sociological works. For instance, Tonnies,uses the term alienation in the sense of isolation. According to Tonnies, this growth of isolation is foremost among the great moments and cultural processes which mark the modern age. Durkheim, another sociological thinker has not used the term, alienation, but dwells upon the concept of ‘anomie’ a social state of relative normlessness within a society occurs when traditional moral norms are weakened or destroyed. A person who lacks norms of conduct also leads a life which has no purpose or meaning. Thus anomie, in Durkheim’s sense, refers to meaninglessness. Still another dimension was imported to the meaning of the word alienation, by psychoanalytical thought inaugurated by Freud. Though Freud did not specifically use the term,alienation,yet his views are considered as quite seminal. According to the Freudian ethic, an individual is placed in a position of antagonism to his society and consequently he is alienated and incomplete. The Freudian man is fundamentally, socially irresponsible. The Freudians think that man’s â€Å" drives are only subverted by his society† and this gives birth to diseases. Hence, he suggests that there is no sense in extending one’s being into society. Yet, without this extension which is a social responsibility, man remains incomplete without any identification. This makes him feel alienated. Thus Freud attributes man’s alienation from society to the basic and unalterable contradiction between human and society. Eric Fromm has elaborated and expanded Marx’s and Freud’s conceptions of alienation. In the light of Marxist approach and psychoanalysis, he defines ‘ alienation’ as a mode of experience in which the person does not experience himself as the centre of his world, as the creator of his own acts, but his acts and their consequences become his masters whom he obeys, or whom he may even worship. Freud’s discussion of the concept is implicit and indirect. He holds that alienation is rooted in man’ psyche and not is society. The inner most concerns of the novelists of the recent past in India have been, human relationships, especially men- women relationships, betrayal in the relationships of love and faith, sense of alienation and the functioning of the female psyche. The nature of themes has changed from social to individual. Today writers tend to probe into personal and private relations, rather than general or social. The contemporary novelists are entangled in the complexities of men women relationships and the subtleties of subconscious and unconscious mind, which are reflected through human behavior. The movers and Shakers of our society are often on page three but not often between the foreword and the footnote. Namita Gokhale has managed the rare feet with rare dignity. She says, â€Å"Everybody has two novels in him. † One is â€Å"the story of life as it is,†the other â€Å"life as it might have been. † She would know. After all, she has not had only good things happening to her. She has had her brush with adversity,and much of the pain emanating from the loss of near and dear ones has provided her with fuel to pen together some stories,some novels,some essays. Ranging from â€Å"Paro-Dreams of Passion† to â€Å"Gods,Graves and Grandmother†to â€Å"Shakuntala† affable Namita Gokhale has always found writing â€Å"a catharsis†and storytelling quite â€Å"a therapeutic exercise. † Now,she attempts to use this therapeutic exercise to put together an anthology that is a refreshing change from the dumb page three personalities one is saddled with first thing in the morning. ‘Paro-Dreams of Passion’ is the story of a tall, sexy , green eyed temptress named Paro . The novel is narrated by the observant Priya, who records not only the loves and failures of her friend but also her own. In this novel, the novelist tries to prove how the inner feelings of alienation guide the activities of the human beings . Both , Priya Sharma and Paro are alienated . Where Paro finds an outlet to get rid of her alienation through adultery,Priya keeps brooding , all through her life. Paro’s assumed happiness and success is fake indeed and we realize very well how very much aliented she has been . Priya can not pretend to show what she is not indeed , so her character is real and lifelike. The researcher will try to find out the causes of their alienation , by applying Freud’s theory of psychoanalysis. In Gods, Graves and Grandmother , Namita Gokhale has used irony to unravel the every day details of poverty , ignorance , illiteracy and the supernatural realm in life of downwardly mobile class of the Indian metropolises. Gudiya , the heroine of Gods, Graves and Grandmother is also alienated . The reason of her feeling alienated is justified , when her mother runs away with another man . But when Gudiya lives in the temple with her grandmother , there is no reason for her being alienated . She too like Priya Sharma of Paro-Dreams of Passion is unable to relate herself to anybody around her . Gudiya’s life is different altogether from that of Priya Sharma , but the feeling of alienation is there in her, in spite of so much hustle and bustle , the festive activities and happiness around . The researcher will try to analyze the character of Gudiya , in the light of Marxian theory of alienation . The term â€Å"Social alienation â€Å" coined by Karl Marx will be related to this novel. The Book Of Shadows investigates the nature of reality, love and faith. Scarred by her lover’s suicide and an acid attack that has left her permanently disfigured , Rachita Tiwari has sought refuge in a remote house in the Himalyan foothills . In this house built by a missionary over a hundred years ago , she lives alone painting and repainting her nails , bright red , careful not to look into mirrors . As she retreats into herself, battling for her sanity and fearful of a world she no longer trusts, a different dimension claims her and the tremendous history of the house is played out before her. With its idyllic settings and intriguing history, the house and its nostalgic link to her childhood prove to be therapeutic. Rachita Tiwari feels all alone in the whole world. She is unable to relate herself with anybody around. Her alienation is not due to society or any other outer activities. She could live a happy life only if she had thought of. Her alienation is what Eric Fromm explains, â€Å"rooted in man’s psyche and not in society. † With the haunting novel about romantic loss and fatalism, A Himalayan Love Story Namita Gokhale confirms her reputation as one of India’s finest writers. This is the story of Parvati,young, beautiful and doomed, and Mukul Nainwal , the local boy, who returns to the Nainital of his youth in search for the only woman he has ever loved Here, Parvati is isolated. From her childhood to youth she couldn’t get whatever she desired. Although in Masterji’s house she spends some good time but a gloomy picture is always reflected from her attitude. She spends her life in morose resignation. She has no arguments, no comments. Her daughter Ira also represents a picture of alienation. But Ira is not ready to live a life of silent acceptance. She has a spark in her personality. Here, the researcher will try to identify the categories of alienation in Parvati and Ira, separately. Psychoanalytical study of human behavior will be referred to in this chapter. Original and heart rending Shakuntla enthralls in its vived portrayal of the tragic life of a woman whose desire to live on her own terms is thwarted at every turn by circumstance and the age in which she lives . Shakuntala – ‘the eternal outsider ‘ is the little girl hovering by the door seeking to glean knowledge as her brother is being taught the rules of grammar , the wife who does not belong , the whore who is ruled by shame . Eventually Shakuntala seeks redemption . Almost lovingly written all through , in its finale , the story suddenly acquires the leanings of a morality tale †¦. Shakuntala’ forlorn , bewildered woman of tragic integrity deserves better. Over and over again Gokhale ‘s Shakuntala stresses the fact that having been named Shakuntala , after Kalidasa’ s heroine , she carried within herself the samakars of abandonment . So we meet a woman who has always seen herself aloof from her life. To understand or evaluate the corp us of fiction, produced by Namita Gokhale, it is important to study the master theme of all the novels i. e â€Å"alienation†. The most important aspect of Gokhalian heroines is alienation. Her heroines are always aloof, alone, alienated. They never have companions to share their ups and downs of life. They always feel that nobody in the world understands them. Gokhalian heroine creates an impression of being lonely ascetic brooding over the world around her and finding herself a misfit in it. Her life is a story of â€Å" an inheritor of unfulfilled desires. † She quite often displays an inclination for withdrawal from the real world, though there is facade of involvement in the activities of life. Inherent morbidity intensified by her surroundings makes her a split personality and life to her becomes meaningless. She is always in a fix to decide her course of life. She carries her relationships without relatedness. The main cause of these women being alienated is their non-adjusting behavior. They want everything and everyone as they wish it to be. They are sad when they are given circumstances otherwise. These women are not ready to accept the social norms set up for women, i. e. not equal opportunists of education (â€Å" Shakuntala†) concept of arranged marriage (â€Å"Paro-Dreams of Passion† and â€Å" A Himalayan Love Story†) patience and tolerance (â€Å"The book of Shadows†) self identification (â€Å" God Graves and Grand Mother† and â€Å" Shakuntala†). Namita Gokhale’s woman is always at war with the worldliness. She is always in search of joy, the grounds of which are true to life, true to nature and true to human beings. Unfortunately, she never finds it in the world and suffers from the meaninglessness (generalized sense of purposelessness in life), Cultural estrangement (sense of removal from the established values of society), social isolation (sense of loneliness or exclusion of social relations) and self estrangement (the gap between the work and the attitude or the maladjustment of desire and attitude). Consequently, she is never in tune with the society and its degenerated rules, regulations, customs and products and with herself. The researcher will make an effort to study â€Å" alienation† by examining the causes and effects of various external and internal factors affecting the psychology of the female protagonists in Gokhale’s fiction. The external factors are betrayal, loss of virginity, discrimination, economic inequalities and social boundations. The internal factors whereas include, the disillusionment in love and marriage, the quest for identity, high expectations, aspirations and a hunger to belong. These psychological factors contribute to the action of the central figure and to the climax of the novel. The researcher will try to account for the animal instincts and other actions of the central figure and their influence on the climax . Gokhale, feels that a lack of understanding of a situation leads a character to disaster, resulting from passion, greed and a sense of alienation. But a better understanding of life and people, resulting from psychological development of a character will provide ways to happiness and a healthy relationship. SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY (A) PRIMARY SOURCES Gokhale, Namita. Paro-Dreams of Passion. New Delhi: Panguin Books India, 1999. ______________ Gods , Graves and Grandmother. New Delhi: Panguin Books India, 2001. ______________ A Himalayan Love Story. New Delhi:Panguin Books India,2002. _______________The Book of Shadows. New Delhi: Panguin Books India, 2001. _______________Shakuntala The Play of Memory. New Delhi: Panguin Books India, 2005. (B) SECONDARY SOURCES Aptheker, Herbert. Marxism and Alienation. New York : Humanities Press, 1965. Berdeav, Nicolas. Solitude and Society. London : Geoffrey Bles, 1947. Buckner, H. Talyor. Deviance, reality and change. U. S. A. : Random House, 1971. Dhawan, R. K. Indian Women Novelists. New Delhi : Prestige, 1981. Fichte, J. G. The Vocation of Man. Ed. Roderic R. M. Chisholm. New York : Bobbs -Merrill, 1956. Hook, Sidney. From Hegal to Marx. Ann Arbor : University of Michigan Press, 1962. Iyengar, K. R. Srinivasa. Indian Writings in English. New Delhi : Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd. , 2005. Josepnson, Eric and Mary. Man Alone. New York : Bell Publishing Co. , 1962. Jung, C. G. Aspects of the feminine. London : Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1982. Naik, M. K. and Narayan, Shyamala A. Indian English Literature 1980-2000. A critical Survey. New Delhi : Pencraft International, 2004. Sahacht, Richard. Alienation. London : George Allen and Unwin Ltd. , 1970. Sharma, Shrawan K. Alienation in the poetry of Matthew Arnold. New Delhi : K. K. Publications, 1996. Torrance, John. Estrangement, Alienation and Exploitation. London : The Macmillon press Ltd. , 1977. Urick, Ronald V. Alienation – Individual or Social Problem. New Jeresy : Prentice Hall, 1977. (C) Internet Sources : indiaclub. com/shop/search Results. asp? ProdStock=19502 indiaclub. com/shop/search Results. asp? ProdStock=7628 indiaclub. com/shop/search Results. asp? ProdStock=15582 indiaclub. com/shop/search Results. asp? ProdStock=7380 redhotcurry. com/entertainment/books/ngokhale1. htm. anitanair. net/reviews/review_22. htm marxists. org/glossary/terms/a/1. htm hinduonnet. com/thehindu/mp/20